Abstract: Conventionally, a neuronal controller located inside the central nervous system governing the maintenance of the upright posture of the human body is designed from a control system perspective using proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers, wherein human postural sway is modeled either along a sagittal plan or along a frontal plane separately resulting in limited insights on intricacies of a governing neuronal controller. Also, existing neuronal controllers using a reinforcement learning (RL) paradigm are based on complex actor-critic on-policy algorithms. Analyzing human postural sway is critical to detect markers for progression of balance impairments. The present disclosure facilitates modelling the neuronal controller using a simplified RL algorithm, capable of producing postural sway characteristics in both sagittal and frontal plane together.

Abstract: This disclosure relates generally to head movement noise removal from electrooculography (EOG) signals, and more particularly to systems and methods for wavelet based head movement artifact removal from electrooculography (EOG) signals. Embodiments of the present disclosure provide for head movement noise removal from the EOG signals by acquiring EOG signals of a user, filtering the acquired EOG signals to obtain a first set of filtered EOG signals, smoothening the first set of filtered EOG signals to obtain smoothened EOG signals, removing one or more redundant patterns and one or more direct current (DC) drifts from the smoothened EOG signals to obtain a second set of filtered EOG signals, and applying, a discrete wavelet transform on the second set of filtered EOG signals to filter a plurality of head movement noise from the second set of filtered EOG signals of the user.

Abstract: A system and method for detection and analysis of learner's/performers cognitive flow have been provided. The system is configured to measure the cognitive state of the performer, while they are performing tasks of various complexity levels, using physiological responses like brain activation, heart rate variability and galvanic skin response. The system uses a Bayesian network based framework to probabilistically evaluate the cognitive state of the learner from the difficulty levels of the tasks, IQ level of the learner and observations made using the physiological sensing. The system also measures the actual cognitive state using a questionnaire. The predicted cognitive state and the actual cognitive state is compared and based on the outcome of comparison a relevant step is taken.

Abstract: Metacognitive confidence is defined as the confidence generated from the observation and critical analysis of one's own the decision making process. There are various studies indicative of the importance of measurement of confidence level of the person while doing a task. The existing confidence level measurement methods provide various limitations such invasive and complex experimental setup, noise and artifacts in the signal. A system and method for determining confidence level of a person using electroencephalogram has been provided. The system is configured to build a metric to determine the amount of metacognitive confidence, in presence of different cognitive load condition, directly from brain activity using electroencephalogram signals. The brain activity acquired from the frontal and temporal part of the brain at different frequency bands and combined with suitable weights to form the confidence metric.

Abstract: Systems and methods for quantification of postural balance of users in an augmented reality (AR) environment. Traditional systems and methods provide for quantifying the postural balance using the AR environment but none of them quantify or restrict the functional tasks performed by the users to a predefined level. Embodiments of the present disclosure provide for the quantification of the postural balance with a variable step height in the AR environment by acquiring first set of information comprising of data on skeletal joints, filtering the first set of information for obtaining a filtered set of data, computing the set of postural data based upon the filtered set of data and quantifying the postural balance based upon the set of postural data by computing threshold values for obtaining postural stability index scores and determining based upon the postural stability index scores, the postural balance of the users in the AR environment.

Abstract: Collision avoidance and postural stability adjustment may provide an effective dual task paradigm to interpret the effect of proprioceptive adaptation on balance control. However, conventionally tasks are physical tasks performed under supervision in specific set up environments. Implementations of the present disclosure provide methods and systems for interpreting neural interplay involving proprioceptive adaptation in a lower limb during a dual task paradigm. The disclosed method provides a better interpreting of the neuronal mechanisms underlying adaptation and learning of skilled motor movement and to determine the relationship of lower limb proprioceptive sense and postural stability by simulating integration of a Single Limb Stance (SLS) functionality test for postural stability and a single limb collision avoidance task, in an adaptive Virtual Reality (VR) environment provided to a subject.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to analyzing effect of a secondary cognitive load task on a primary executive task. Human random sequence generation is a marker to study cognitive functions and inability to generate random sequences (RS) can reveal underlying impairments. Traditionally, ‘call out’ or ‘write down’ procedures are used to obtain human generated numbers, wherein short term memory and number of previously generated entities visible to a subject plays a major role. Also precise trial-wise or response-wise analysis may not be possible. In the present disclosure, the human generated random numbers are digitized into RS and a cognitive load (CL) inducing task is imposed on the executive task. The CL demanding task disrupts randomization performance. Deviation from randomness, load index based on gaze data and deviation from pupillometry data of healthy subjects are provided as indicators of an interference effect imposed by the CL and thereby indicative of underlying impairments.

Abstract: System and method for digitized digit symbol substitution test (DSST) are disclosed. In an example, a display area of a digitized DSST device is partitioned into multiple bins. Further, a series of number symbol pairs is displayed as a lookup table on top of the display, termed as a lookup area. Furthermore, a question and answer (QA) pair corresponding to the series of number symbol pairs to an examinee in multiple trials. In addition, feature values for the QA pair are computed in each of the multiple bins in the trials, wherein the feature values comprise a response time and an accuracy of response by the examinee. Moreover, probabilities of the feature values are determined in each of the multiple bins. Also, an entropy value based on the probabilities of the feature values is computed in each of the multiple bins providing information on distribution.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and system for selection of Electroencephalography (EEG) channels valid for determining cognitive load of subject. According to one embodiment, EEG signals are obtained from EEG channels associated with subject performing cognitive tasks are received. Time-frequency features of EEG signals are extracted for a frequency band comprise maximum energy value, minimum energy value, average energy value, maximum frequency value, minimum frequency value, and average frequency value. Weight of an EEG channel associated with time-frequency feature is derived using statistical learning technique. Binary values for EEG channels corresponding to time-frequency feature are assigned using weight of EEG channel associated with time-frequency feature.

Abstract: The present disclosure envisages a computer implemented system and method to derive a relationship between Elementary Cognitive Tasks (ECTs) and the underlying cognitive skills of individuals through Electroencephalogram (EEG) analysis. The aim is to evaluate or improve the perceptual-cognitive traits of a subject that comprises disintegrating a given task into elementary task that are further mapped to identified cognitive categories of Bloom's Taxonomy, upon which a cluster analysis is performed. The separation index between the clusters thereafter establishes that individuals have different thinking process which is characteristics of that subject.

Abstract: A system and method for risk prediction and corrective action for a contact type activity is provided. The method includes generating a personalized full body musculoskeletal model to depict the knee and ankle joint behavior of a subject during the contact type activity. Various contact type activities are simulated using the personalized full body musculoskeletal model. Injury biomarkers and their parameters based on the contact type activities are identified, parameters are indicative of risk of injury to participating muscle groups said activity. Based on the injury biomarkers, optimal muscle co-activation parameters are analyzed by a neuro-muscular controller, to adapt the participating muscle groups for providing the correction action against the predicted risk of injury. Said optimal muscle co-activation parameters are indicative of muscle synergy during the contact type activity.

Abstract: System and method for aiding communication for subjects suffering from paralysis of muscles controlled by peripheral nervous system are disclosed. A method for aiding communication for said subjects includes capturing, from a plurality of sensors, sensor data generated based on an interaction of a subject with an interactive UI. The plurality of sensors includes one or more body-parts movement tracking sensors for tracking motion of body-parts of the subject and one or more physiological signal sensors for monitoring physiological signals generated from the subject during the interaction. A plurality of model parameters indicative of characteristics of the subject related to the interaction are determined based on the sensor data. The navigation at the interactive UI is controlled on the plurality of model parameters.

Abstract: Systems and methods for quantification of postural balance of users in an augmented reality (AR) environment. Traditional systems and methods provide for quantifying the postural balance using the AR environment but none of them quantify or restrict the functional tasks performed by the users to a predefined level. Embodiments of the present disclosure provide for the quantification of the postural balance with a variable step height in the AR environment by acquiring first set of information comprising of data on skeletal joints, filtering the first set of information for obtaining a filtered set of data, computing the set of postural data based upon the filtered set of data and quantifying the postural balance based upon the set of postural data by computing threshold values for obtaining postural stability index scores and determining based upon the postural stability index scores, the postural balance of the users in the AR environment.

Abstract: Unimaginable are the difficulties faced by patients affected by sensory-motor disabilities while executing day to day activities. The flamboyant progress that has made in other areas of medical science does not translate itself in diagnosing them. Early detection and personalized therapy of these disorders is still out of reach. Present disclosure provides systems and methods for optimizing a joint cost function and detecting neuro muscular profiles (e.g., state of user under observation) thereof by implementing a model that quantifies these disorders in terms of a cost functional, which captures the trade-off between the torques applied and the velocities experienced at the joints. Estimation of this cost functional, otherwise known as Inverse optimal control was then carried out using an optimization procedure.

Abstract: A system and method for detection and analysis of learner's/performers cognitive flow have been provided. The system is configured to measure the cognitive state of the performer, while they are performing tasks of various complexity levels, using physiological responses like brain activation, heart rate variability and galvanic skin response. The system uses a Bayesian network based framework to probabilistically evaluate the cognitive state of the learner from the difficulty levels of the tasks, IQ level of the learner and observations made using the physiological sensing. The system also measures the actual cognitive state using a questionnaire. The predicted cognitive state and the actual cognitive state is compared and based on the outcome of comparison a relevant step is taken.

Abstract: Traditional cognitive load estimation techniques rely on raw pupil size alone which is often prone to confound with changes in illumination, errors associated with sensor devices and irregular oscillations of pupil under constant light conditions. Estimation of cognitive load finds application in many domains including optimum work allocation, assessing a work environment and medical diagnosis. The present disclosure employs frequency domain analysis of pupil size variations to estimate load imposed by a cognitive task. A cognitive load metric based on power and frequency relations at mean frequency of the variation in pupil size addresses cognitive load estimation based on pupil dilation, wherein the pupil dilation is captured by employing low cost non-intrusive nearables.

Abstract: This disclosure relates generally to health monitoring and assessment systems, and more particularly to perform postural stability assessment of a user and quantify the assessed postural stability. In an embodiment, the system, by monitoring specific actions (which are part of certain tests done for the postural stability assessment) being performed by a user, collects inputs which are then processed to determine SLS duration, the body joint vibration, and the body sway area of the user, while performing the tests. By processing the SLS duration, the body joint vibration, and the body sway area together, a postural stability index score for the user is determined, and based on this score, postural stability assessment for the user is performed.

Abstract: This disclosure relates generally to head movement noise removal from electrooculography (EOG) signals, and more particularly to systems and methods for wavelet based head movement artifact removal from electrooculography (EOG) signals. Embodiments of the present disclosure provide for head movement noise removal from the EOG signals by acquiring EOG signals of a user, filtering the acquired EOG signals to obtain a first set of filtered EOG signals, smoothening the first set of filtered EOG signals to obtain smoothened EOG signals, removing one or more redundant patterns and one or more direct current (DC) drifts from the smoothened EOG signals to obtain a second set of filtered EOG signals, and applying, a discrete wavelet transform on the second set of filtered EOG signals to filter a plurality of head movement noise from the second set of filtered EOG signals of the user.

Abstract: A method and system is provided for pre-processing of an electroencephalography (EEG) signal for cognitive load measurement. The present application provides a method and system for pre-processing of electroencephalography signal for cognitive load measurement of a user, comprises of capturing the electroencephalography signal from the head of the user, detecting the plurality of system artifacts in the captured electroencephalography signal, detecting and removing noisy window from the captured electroencephalography signal, detecting an eye blink region and filtering out said detected eye blink region from the captured electroencephalography signal, utilizing the filtered electroencephalography signal for measuring the cognitive load of the user and subsequently computing different levels of mental workloads on the user using variation of spatial distribution of frontal scalp EEG electrodes for measured cognitive load.

Abstract: A method and system for determining cognitive load of a person using a modified baseline is provided. The person is asked to perform a series of activities including staying in eye closed rest state and baseline state and performing a trial state. Simultaneously, EEG signal and GSR signal of the person are captured. The EEG signal and the GSR signal are preprocessed and segmented. The EEG and GSR signals are then used to determine a first set and a second set of inactive states from the baseline interval and the rest interval. The most inactive window is then identified out of the first set of inactive states. The most inactive window is determined from the rest interval of the person. The inactive window is used as the modified baseline to measure the cognitive load of the person.