Abstract: Disclosed is the use of DOC2B as an early stage biomarker for diagnosing type 1 diabetes (T1D), pre-T1D, type 2 diabetes (T2D), pre-T2D or for assessing the risk of T1D, pre-T1D, T2D, or pre-T2D. Also disclosed are methods of in vivo diagnosing T1D, pre-T1D, T2D, or pre-T2D or assessing the risk of T1D, pre-T1D, T2D, or pre-T2D by detecting a reduced level of DOC2B expression in a biological sample including blood, plasm, serum, platelets, and pancreatic islets.

Abstract: Disclosed is the use of DOC2B as an early stage biomarker for diagnosing type 1 diabetes (T1D) or pre-T1D or for assessing the risk of T1D or pre-T1D. Also disclosed are methods of in vivo diagnosing T1D or pre-T1D or assessing the risk of T1D or pre-T1D by detecting a reduced level of DOC2B expression in a biological sample including blood, plasm, serum, platelets, and pancreatic islets.

Abstract: Disclosed are Syntaxin 4-overexpressing pancreatic islet ?-cells, methods of making these cells, and methods of using these cells for promoting and protecting functional ?-cell mass, thereby to treat and/or prevent various insulin-related diseases and conditions including diabetes and pre-diabetes. Also disclosed are methods of treating or preventing insulin-related diseases by overexpressing Syntaxin-4.

Abstract: Described herein are methods and materials for improving whole body glucose homeostasis in a subject. The methods and materials described herein are useful for preventing, delaying, and/or treating insulin-related diseases and conditions, including but not limited to type I and II diabetes, chronic pancreatitis, pancreatectomy, insulin resistance, prediabetes, and age-related insulin resistance, by increasing the efficiency of insulin secretion by ? cells, and increasing the sensitivity of peripheral tissues, including skeletal muscle and adipose tissues.