Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for number identification and tagging. One of the methods includes identifying a content item to be provided to a mobile device. The method includes identifying a location of the mobile device. The method includes identifying at least one calling format based on the location. The method includes identify a calling number included in the content item based on the at least one calling format. The method includes generating an altered version of the content item to tag the calling number. The method also includes provide the altered version to the mobile device.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for identifying keywords for use in targeted advertising. Information concerning a region of interest is derived from data provided by a number of user devices within the region of interest. The information may come from actions such as search queries or communication with other users in the region of interest. In many cases, the information is time sensitive, with the actions occurring within a given timeframe. The time sensitive information for the region of interest is used to derive keywords that are used when selecting advertisements. These advertisements are then provided to users concerning the region of interest. Demographic information may also be used in conjunction with the timeframe and region to further refine the keywords.

Abstract: A simultaneous ascending price auction (“SAA”) can be used to allocate advertising inventory to bidders. The advertising inventory can be, for example, radio or television advertisement spots (“spots”). The bidders can be advertisers that can provide advertisements for presentation in the spots. Two or more contiguous spots can define an advertising block. Spots or advertising blocks can be allocated to advertisers by the SAA mechanism based on bid criteria. The SAA can perform simultaneous advertisement scheduling and pricing. The auction allocation can be optimized to facilitate efficient allocation of advertisements to spots or blocks.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of performing contrast enhancement for an image. A mean luminance value is calculated with respect to an image that is read, the type of the image is determined based on the mean luminance value, a contrast reference curve is created by using a hyperbolic tangential function curve according to the type of the image, and the contrast of the image is enhanced by using the contrast reference curve.

Abstract: In a first aspect, an MIM stack is provided that includes (1) a first conductive layer comprising a first metal-silicide layer and a second metal-silicide layer; (2) a resistivity-switching layer comprising a metal oxide layer formed above the first conductive layer; and (3) a second conductive layer formed above the resistivity-switching layer. A memory cell may be formed from the MIM stack. Numerous other aspects are provided.

Abstract: Provided is a method of controlling adaptive auto exposure. In the method, a digital photograph captured from an object and a background is divided into an object region where the object is mainly located and a background region where the background is mainly located. Average luminances of the object and background regions are calculated, and a luminance difference between the average luminances of the object and background regions is calculated. If the luminance difference is within a predetermined range, an average luminance of the entire photograph is calculated by applying a weight to the average luminance of the object region, and exposure is controlled based on the calculated average luminance of the entire photograph so as to emphasize the object region.

Abstract: Provided is a method of calculating a compensation factor to compensate for lens shading due to the characteristics of an image capturing device, which requires a small amount of memory. A reference image is captured, and a compensation factor is calculated using the characteristics of a lens shading pattern of the captured reference image. A distribution of pixel values is approximated using an exponential spline function, and a compensation factor is calculated using the approximated distribution. In addition, a method and an apparatus for compensating for lens shading by using a calculated compensation factor are provided.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an eye state detecting apparatus and method, that is, including the step of preliminarily discriminating an eye opening and an eye closure by setting an automatic threshold from an eye region and thus dividing an image, and obtaining boundary points of divided zones and using an ellipse most properly equal to the boundary points and consecutively the step of in a case preliminarily discriminated as the eye closure, if an eye closure time is greater than a preset threshold time, the eye state is discriminated into an eye closure, and if not greater, discriminated into an eye blinking.

Abstract: In general, this specification relates to content presentation. The subject matter of this specification can be embodied in, among other things, methods that include the actions of receiving a group of content items at a user device, the content items configured for presentation to a user in association with other content, each content item of the group of content items including metadata associated with the content item; identifying a request from an application of the user device to present a content item in association with particular content; selecting, using one or more processors, a content item from the group of content items using the metadata for the content items along with local targeting information; and presenting the selected content item.

Abstract: Body bias can be applied to optimize performance in a non-volatile storage system. Body bias can be set in an adaptive manner to reduce an error count of an error correcting and/or detecting code when reading data from non-volatile storage elements. Also, a body bias level can be increased or decreased as a number of programming cycles increases. Also, body bias levels can be set and applied separately for a chip, plane, block and/or page. A body bias can be applied to a first set of NAND strings for which operations are being performed by controlling a first voltage provided to a source side of the first set of NAND strings and a second voltage provided to a p-well. A source side of a second set of NAND strings for which operations are not being performed is floated or receives a fixed voltage.

Abstract: In general, this specification relates to content presentation. In general, one aspect of the subject matter described in this specification can be embodied in methods that include the actions of receiving a privacy request from a mobile device, the privacy request including an encoded device identifier; authenticating the request; decoding the device identifier; retrieving mobile device advertising data associated with the decoded device identifier; and applying the privacy request to the mobile device advertising data. Other embodiments of this aspect include corresponding systems, apparatus, and computer program products.

Abstract: This specification relates to content presentation. In general, one aspect of the subject matter described in this specification can be embodied in methods that include actions of receiving a request to serve a content item to an application on a mobile device, the application being associated with one or more categories; for each of a plurality of content items in a collection of content items, identifying a performance signal for the content item, the performance signal representing the performance of the content item when served to one or more other mobile devices running the application and one or more other applications associated with one of the one or more categories; selecting, using one or more processors, a first content item from the plurality of content items based on the performance signals of the plurality of content items; and providing the first content item to the application on the mobile device.

Abstract: This specification describes technologies relating to content presentation. In general, one aspect of the subject matter described in this specification can be embodied in methods that include the actions of receiving a request to serve a content item to an application on a mobile device; identifying a context associated with the application, the context being derived from an application description page for the application and one or more pages linking to the application description page, the context comprising one or more keywords associated with the application; selecting a content item, from a collection of content items, using the context; and serving the selected content item to the application on the mobile device. Other embodiments of this aspect include corresponding systems, apparatus, and computer program products.

Abstract: Body bias can be applied to optimize performance in a non-volatile storage system. Body bias can be set in an adaptive manner to reduce an error count of an error correcting and/or detecting code when reading data from non-volatile storage elements. Also, a body bias level can be increased or decreased as a number of programming cycles increases. Also, body bias levels can be set and applied separately for a chip, plane, block and/or page. A body bias can be applied to a first set of NAND strings for which operations are being performed by controlling a first voltage provided to a source side of the first set of NAND strings and a second voltage provided to a p-well. A source side of a second set of NAND strings for which operations are not being performed is floated or receives a fixed voltage.

Abstract: A pattern that includes trenches of different depths is formed on a substrate using nanoimprint lithography. A subsequent metal deposition forms lines of different thicknesses according to trench depth, from a single metal layer. Vias extending down from lines are also formed from the same layer. Individual bit lines are formed having different thicknesses at different locations.

Abstract: In a first aspect, an MIM stack is provided that includes (1) a first conductive layer comprising a first metal-silicide layer and a second metal-silicide layer; (2) a resistivity-switching layer comprising a metal oxide layer formed above the first conductive layer; and (3) a second conductive layer formed above the resistivity-switching layer. A memory cell may be formed from the MIM stack. Numerous other aspects are provided.

Abstract: In a first aspect, a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) stack is provided that includes (1) a first conductive layer comprising a silicon-germanium (SiGe) alloy; (2) a resistivity-switching layer comprising a metal oxide layer formed above the first conductive layer; and (3) a second conductive layer formed above the resistivity-switching layer. A memory cell may be formed from the MIM stack. Numerous other aspects are provided.

Abstract: Body bias can be applied to optimize performance in a non-volatile storage system. Body bias can be set in an adaptive manner to reduce an error count of an error correcting and/or detecting code when reading data from non-volatile storage elements. Also, a body bias level can be increased or decreased as a number of programming cycles increases. Also, body bias levels can be set and applied separately for a chip, plane, block and/or page. A body bias can be applied to a first set of NAND strings for which operations are being performed by controlling a first voltage provided to a source side of the first set of NAND strings and a second voltage provided to a p-well. A source side of a second set of NAND strings for which operations are not being performed is floated or receives a fixed voltage.

Abstract: An integrated circuit including vertically oriented diode structures between conductors and methods of fabricating the same are provided. The diode is a metal-insulator diode having a first metal layer, a first insulating layer, a second insulating layer and a second metal layer. At least one asymmetric interface state is provided at the intersection of at least two of the layers to increase the ratio of the diode's on-current to its reverse bias leakage current. In various examples, the asymmetric interface state is formed by a positive or negative sheet charge that alters the barrier height and/or electric field at one or more portions of the diode. Two-terminal devices such as passive element memory cells can utilize the diode as a steering element in series with a state change element. The devices can be formed using pillar structures at the intersections of upper and lower conductors.

Abstract: A Driver State Monitoring System prevents any casualty on the road because of drowsiness while driving. It is an in-vehicle, vision-based electronic system for automobiles. It utilizes a camera installed on the vehicle facing towards the driver. It captures the edge-based face features of the driver. Thereafter, the real time image processor extracts the desired image from the image and estimates the correct position of the eye, the nose and the head orientation of the driver's face based on the predetermined values. The signal generator generates a warning signal when there is any abnormality detected based on the output of the status examination result generated by the real time image processor. These signals can be can be an acoustic signal, a videft signal, a photonic signal or a haptic signal.