Abstract: A sensor implanted in tissues and including a sensing layer is fabricated by mixing the signal transduction enzyme with non-reactive components including buffer salts and fillers, and spin coating the enzyme onto a substrate. The signal transduction enzyme is crosslinked by introducing the coated substrate in a vacuum chamber. In the chamber, a crosslinker evaporates and is deposited onto the enzyme, therefore crosslinking the enzyme.

Abstract: A sensor implanted in tissues and including a sensing layer is fabricated by mixing the signal transduction enzyme with non-reactive components including buffer salts and fillers, and spin coating the enzyme onto a substrate. The signal transduction enzyme is crosslinked by introducing the coated substrate in a vacuum chamber. In the chamber, a crosslinker evaporates and is deposited onto the enzyme, therefore crosslinking the enzyme.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to an inspection system for registration metrology and defect detection using darkfield and phase contrast imaging optical systems. The present system includes a transmitted light mode and diffracted light mode to enable imaging of low contrast features on blank EUV masks and semiconductor wafers. In an aspect, this system combines the optics for darkfield and phase contrast imaging, and may also include the optics for brightfield imaging, to provide analyzed data on registration errors and surface defects.

Abstract: A method of growing one or more graphene sheets on one or more regions of an optical fiber using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) includes placing the optical fiber in a growth chamber, placing one or more carbon-containing precursors in the growth chamber, forming a reduced pressure in the growth chamber, and flowing methane gas and hydrogen gas into the growth chamber. The method also includes generating a plasma in the growth chamber, forming a gaseous carbon-containing precursor from the one or more carbon-containing precursors, exposing the one or more regions of the optical fiber to the methane gas, the hydrogen gas, the gaseous carbon-containing precursor, and the plasma, and forming the one or more graphene sheets on the one or more regions of the optical fiber.

Abstract: A sensor implanted in tissues and including a sensing layer is fabricated by mixing the signal transduction enzyme with non-reactive components including buffer salts and fillers, and spin coating the enzyme onto a substrate. The signal transduction enzyme is crosslinked by introducing the coated substrate in a vacuum chamber. In the chamber, a crosslinker evaporates and is deposited onto the enzyme, therefore crosslinking the enzyme.

Abstract: Described are devices, such as light emitters, lasers, and switches, and methods, such as methods of generating photoluminescence and methods of fabricating electronic devices. Example devices and methods described include those comprising or employing optically active graphene, such as in the form of one or more layers of quasi-1D graphene nanomaterials or graphene nanostripes including one or more topological defects. Optically active graphene can emit photoluminescence upon exposure to photoexcitation and can also generate laser emission, optionally as a frequency comb. The optically active graphene can be patterned onto substrates according to the disclosed methods of fabricating electronic devices and is optionally useful for generating optical switches.

Abstract: A sensor implanted in tissues and including a sensing layer is fabricated by mixing the signal transduction enzyme with non-reactive components including buffer salts and fillers, and spin coating the enzyme onto a substrate. The signal transduction enzyme is crosslinked by introducing the coated substrate in a vacuum chamber. In the chamber, a crosslinker evaporates and is deposited onto the enzyme, therefore crosslinking the enzyme.

Abstract: A sensor implanted in tissues and including a sensing layer is fabricated by mixing the signal transduction enzyme with non-reactive components including buffer salts and fillers, and spin coating the enzyme onto a substrate. The signal transduction enzyme is crosslinked by introducing the coated substrate in a vacuum chamber. In the chamber, a crosslinker evaporates and is deposited onto the enzyme, therefore crosslinking the enzyme.

Abstract: A multilayer structure can selectively bind certain molecules, due to reentrant spaces having an appropriate size. The multilayers can be fabricated by alternating layers of two different materials having different etching rate. The layers of the material having a higher etching rate form reentrant spaces which can protect molecules from further chemical interactions.