Abstract: Disclosed is an optimal power flow-based hierarchical control method for a distributed energy storage system (ESS), where the method divides control of an energy storage cluster into three layers, performs primary and secondary control to realize intra-cluster control, and performs tertiary control to realize inter-cluster control. In the primary control, droop coefficients are set to realize intra-cluster basic power distribution. In the secondary control, a frequency/voltage shift and uneven power distribution that are caused by a droop are compensated for based on a consistency algorithm. In the tertiary control, a central controller is set, a solution of an optimal power flow is calculated and delivered to each cluster as a control signal, and the control signal is tracked in real time through the secondary control and the primary control. The method adjusts a reference voltage of each energy storage cluster without requiring a common bus.

Abstract: Disclosed is an optimal power flow-based hierarchical control method for a distributed energy storage system (ESS), where the method divides control of an energy storage cluster into three layers, performs primary and secondary control to realize intra-cluster control, and performs tertiary control to realize inter-cluster control. In the primary control, droop coefficients are set to realize intra-cluster basic power distribution. In the secondary control, a frequency/voltage shift and uneven power distribution that are caused by a droop are compensated for based on a consistency algorithm. In the tertiary control, a central controller is set, a solution of an optimal power flow is calculated and delivered to each cluster as a control signal, and the control signal is tracked in real time through the secondary control and the primary control. The method adjusts a reference voltage of each energy storage cluster without requiring a common bus.

Abstract: An integrated ocean bottom towed four-component array for seismic data acquisition consists of a four-channel electronic section for seismic data collection, a gimbaled three-component geophone and a hydrophone in a housing. The array connects with a submarine cable through a cable joint in order to acquire four components of data consisting of seismic P wave, shear wave and hydrophone in total. Through cable data transmission and processing in a central station, ocean bottom oil and gas structure information can be obtained. Because of the high SNR acquisition in the ocean bottom seismic data acquisition of the present invention, and the waterproof cable interconnections between each of the sections of the present apparatus, data acquisition of high quality can be gained to realize highly efficient and easy ocean bottom towing operations.

Abstract: An integrated ocean bottom towed four-component array for seismic data acquisition consists of a four-channel electronic section for seismic data collection, a gimbaled three-component geophone and a hydrophone in a housing. The array connects with a submarine cable through a cable joint in order to acquire four components of data consisting of seismic P wave, shear wave and hydrophone in total. Through cable data transmission and processing in a central station, ocean bottom oil and gas structure information can be obtained. Because of the high SNR acquisition in the ocean bottom seismic data acquisition of the present invention, and the waterproof cable interconnections between each of the sections of the present apparatus, data acquisition of high quality can be gained to realize highly efficient and easy ocean bottom towing operations.