Abstract: Several innovative technologies, including pressure-drop minimization, advanced refractory high entropy alloys, and advanced manufacturing can provide a compact heat exchanger that extends the state-of-the-art heat-exchanger operating range. The compact heat exchanger can reduce pressure drop losses by 100 to 500%, while retaining most of the heat transfer. The compact heat exchanger can be fabricated from refractory high entropy alloys that have favorable corrosion, thermal fatigue, and creep properties at high temperatures and pressures. Therefore, the compact heat exchanger using high entropy alloys can operate at >800° C. and 80 bars.

Abstract: Aerosol-deposited thermographic phosphors can be used for non-contact, two-dimensional temperature sensing in extreme environments. The fast response time and thermal/environmental stability of doped ceramic powders allow for temperature measurements up to the melting point of the phosphor on hot surfaces, such as rapidly rotating turbine components and combustors.

Abstract: Aerosol-deposited thermographic phosphors can be used for non-contact, two-dimensional temperature sensing in extreme environments. The fast response time and thermal/environmental stability of doped ceramic powders allow for temperature measurements up to the melting point of the phosphor on hot surfaces, such as rapidly rotating turbine components and combustors.

Abstract: A method of pulsed laser intrinsic marking can provide a unique identifier to detect tampering or counterfeiting.

Abstract: A method of reducing or preventing the amount of iron sludge or precipitate that forms as a result of the recovery of silver from chemical solutions, such as a standard photographic solution. The method generally involves the introduction of a source of a conjugate organic base, such as a weak organic acid like citric acid or a salt of the conjugate organic base like a citrate salt, to the chemical fluid either before or during the silver recovery process. Preferably the source of conjugate organic base is introduced by combining it with a binder to form a time release cake or placing it in a container that has a semipermeable membrane that maintains the concentration of the conjugate organic base in the chemical fluid from about 0.2 to about 78 milimolar over a period of time.

Abstract: A method of reducing or preventing the amount of iron sludge or precipitate that forms as a result of the recovery of silver from chemical solutions, such as a standard photographic solution. The method generally involves the introduction of a source of a conjugate organic base, such as a weak organic acid like citric acid or a salt of the conjugate organic base like a citrate salt, to the chemical fluid either before or during the silver recovery process. Preferably the source of conjugate organic base is introduced by combining it with a binder to form a time release cake or placing it in a container that has a semipermeable membrane that maintains the concentration of the conjugate organic base in the chemical fluid from about 0.2 to about 78 milimolar over a period of time.

Abstract: A method is provided for anodically bonding glass and semiconducting material. A glass sample is immersed in a molten salt bath for a fixed period of time to modify the surface of the glass sample via ion exchange. The salt is a lithium salt or a proton source. After the glass sample is removed from the salt bath, the glass sample and semiconducting material are placed onto one another, and are then heated to a temperature of between 100° C. and 500° C. While at this temperature, a potential is applied across the glass and semiconducting material for a fixed period of time to effect anodic bonding together of the glass and semiconducting material.

Abstract: A method is provided for anodically bonding glass and semiconducting material. A glass sample is immersed in a molten salt bath for a fixed period of time to modify the surface of the glass sample via ion exchange. The salt is a lithium salt or a proton source. After the glass sample is removed from the salt bath, the glass sample and semiconducting material are placed onto one another, and are then heated to a temperature of between 100° C. and 500° C. While at this temperature, a potential is applied across the glass and semiconducting material for a fixed period of time to effect anodic bonding together of the glass and semiconducting material.

Abstract: Alkali corrosion resistant coatings and ceramic foams having superfine open cell structure are created using sol-gel processes. The processes have particular application in creating calcium magnesium zirconium phosphate, CMZP, coatings and foams.

Abstract: A heat processing procedure is used to create reinforcing whiskers of TiO.sub.2 in glass-ceramic materials in the LAS and MAS family. The heat processing procedure has particular application in creating TiO.sub.2 in-situ in a modified .beta.-eucryptite system.

Abstract: Compositions having the general formula (Ca.sub.x Mg.sub.1-x)Zr.sub.4 (PO.sub.4).sub.6 where x is between 0.5 and 0.99 are produced by solid state and sol-gel processes. In a preferred embodiment, when x is between 0.5 and 0.8, the MgCZP materials have near-zero coefficients of thermal expansion. The MgCZPs of the present invention also show unusually low thermal conductivities, and are stable at high temperatures. Macrostructures formed from MgCZP are useful in a wide variety of high-temperature applications. In a preferred process, calcium, magnesium, and zirconium nitrate solutions have their pH adjusted to between 7 and 9 either before or after the addition of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate. After dehydration to a gel, and calcination at temperatures in excess of 850.degree. C. for approximately 16 hours, single phase crystalline MgCZP powders with particle sizes ranging from approximately 20 nm to 50 nm result. The MgCZP powders are then sintered at temperatures ranging from 1200.degree. C. to 1350.