Abstract: Carbohydrates are biomolecules that are involved in a range of biological processes and play key roles in, for instance, host immune response and cellular adhesion. Accordingly, functionalisation of medical devices such as stents, valves, catheters, prostheses and other devices for in vivoimplantation with carbohydrates is an area in which considerable interest is developing. Disclosed herein are surfaces having carbohydrates immobilised thereon. The carbohydrate has a linker moiety covalently bound thereto and the linker moiety has a carbon atom that forms a covalent bond with an atom on the target surface. The carbon based bond is a strong, non-hydrolysable covalent bond.

Abstract: A template for assisting in the hanging of framed objects a predetermined distance from one another in which openings are spaced so that either the location for mounting hardware can either be marked or mounting hardware can be installed through the openings. The template may be used to position and visualize installation of subsequent framed objects.