Abstract: An X-ray diffractometer system analyzes objects including biological tissue samples and physical and chemical samples. The diffractometer system includes an X-ray beam projector that projects an incident micro-beam of X-ray at an analysis target, an X-ray receiver including an X-ray detector array to detect the transmitted X-rays passed through the object and X-rays that the target diffracts, and a computer workstation for system control and data analysis. The X-ray beam projector may include a radiation source, a beam forming system including at least one of a monochromator, a collimator, and focusing device. The computer workstation may control the X-ray devices and positioning mechanisms and motors, may acquire, process, store, or display data received from diffractometric examination, and may also calculate parameters of the three-dimensional reciprocal lattice of the analyzed target.

Abstract: An x-ray diffractometer may perform 3D-analysis of collagen tissue of a patient (a human or another animal). The diffractometer includes an oblong housing that may be hinged and that contains an x-ray projector on one side of a recess and a receiver on an opposite side of the recess. The recess accommodates analyzed tissue such as the external ear and skin of a patient. The x-ray projector directs an x-ray micro-beam at the patient's tissue, and the receiver contains a movable two-dimensional x-ray detector that detects a transmitted x-ray micro-beam passed through the analyzed tissue and detects x-rays scattered or diffracted by the analyzed tissue.

Abstract: An in vivo human-tissue analysis and communication system produces a quantitative diagnostic indicator for human-tissue analyzed by the system. The system includes a human-tissue-analyzer subsystem with at least one human-tissue analyzer constructed to analyze human tissue and to produce a quantitative-diagnostic indicator. There is also a two-way communication subsystem constructed to allow the human-tissue-analyzer subsystem to send and receive information relevant to the quantitative-diagnostic indicator. The human-tissue-analyzer subsystem includes at least one tissue diffractometer operatively coupled to a computer database over a network, and configured for acquisition of human-tissue data and transfer to the computer database over the network.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to determining an efficacy of a therapeutic agent. A method for determining an efficacy of a therapeutic agent for a target disease can include measuring a molecular structure of a biological tissue of an animal at a first time and at a second time using a non-invasive biological tissue characterization technique. The method can further include observing a change of the molecular structure of the biological tissue between the first time and the second time, and determining the efficacy of the therapeutic agent based on the observed change in the molecular structure of the biological tissue. Before the first time, or between the first time and the second time, the animal received the therapeutic agent.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to determining a biological tissue structural marker for diagnosis of a disease using a biological tissue characterization technique. A method for determining a structural marker for a diagnosis of a disease can include measuring a first molecular structure of a biological tissue of a first population of animals, after a carcinogenic or pathogenic substance was introduced into the first population. A second molecular structure of the biological tissue of a second population of animals can be measured, wherein the second population did not receive the carcinogenic or pathogenic substance. A first and a second structural marker of the molecular structures of the biological tissue of the first and second populations, respectively, can be identified and compared to determine that the first structural marker is indicative that the biological tissue of the first population of animals was affected by the disease.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to determining a therapy efficacy. A method for determining an efficacy of a therapy for a disease in an animal patient can include measuring a molecular structure of a biological tissue of an animal patient at a first time and at a second time using a non-invasive biological tissue characterization technique. The method can further include observing a change of the molecular structure of the biological tissue between the first time and the second time, and determining the efficacy of the therapy based on the observed change in the molecular structure of the biological tissue. Before the first time, or between the first time and the second time, the animal patient received the therapy.

Abstract: Diffractometer-based global in vitro diagnostic systems or methods may use one or more diffraction apparatuses for the structural analysis of ?-keratin and collagen in samples of hair, nails, skin, internal organs, or other tissue of a human or non-human animal. The diffraction apparatuses operatively couple to a computer database and provide sample data including diffraction pattern data for in vitro samples or data derived therefrom. One or more computer systems receive or transmit the sample data or data derived therefrom and process the sample data or data derived therefrom to provide a computer-aided diagnostic indicators.

Abstract: An in vitro human-tissue analysis and communication system produces a quantitative diagnostic indicator for in vitro human-tissue analyzed by the system. The system includes a human-tissue-analyzer subsystem with at least one human-tissue analyzer that analyzes in vitro samples of human tissue and produces a quantitative-diagnostic indicator of each sample. The system also includes a two-way communication subsystem that allows the human-tissue-analyzer subsystem to send and receive information relevant to the quantitative-diagnostic indicators. The human-tissue-analyzer subsystem includes at least one tissue diffractometer operatively coupled to a computer database over a network, and configured for acquisition of the in vitro samples, and transfer of the corresponding human-tissue data to the computer database over the network.

Abstract: An in vivo human-tissue analysis and communication system produces a quantitative diagnostic indicator for human-tissue analyzed by the system. The system includes a human-tissue-analyzer subsystem with at least one human-tissue analyzer constructed to analyze human tissue and to produce a quantitative-diagnostic indicator. There is also a two-way communication subsystem constructed to allow the human-tissue-analyzer subsystem to send and receive information relevant to the quantitative-diagnostic indicator. The human-tissue-analyzer subsystem includes at least one tissue diffractometer operatively coupled to a computer database over a network, and configured for acquisition of human-tissue data and transfer to the computer database over the network.

Abstract: An animal-tissue analysis and communication system produces a quantitative-diagnostic indicator for animal-tissue analyzed by the system. The system includes an animal-tissue-analyzer subsystem with at least one animal-tissue analyzer constructed to analyze animal tissue and to produce an quantitative-diagnostic indicator. The system also includes a two-way communication subsystem constructed to allow the animal-tissue-analyzer subsystem to send and receive information relevant to the quantitative-diagnostic indicator. The animal-tissue-analyzer subsystem includes at least one tissue diffractometer operatively coupled to a computer database over a network, and is configured for acquisition and transfer of animal-tissue data, and transfer to the computer database over the network.