Abstract: In anticipation of a client device establishing a connection over a network with a remote host service, a pre-connect module generates a connection request (referred to herein as a “pre-connect request”) on behalf of the client device and sends the pre-connect request to the remote host server. The remote server responds with a connection response (referred to herein as a “pre-connect response”), which is pre-positioned on the client-side of the network along with information for generating a later connection request that is in material respects the same as the pre-connect request. Then, when the client device later seeks to establish a connection with the remote host server, the client device determines whether it has in local storage generation information for generating a connection request to the remote host server. If so, the client device uses the generation information to generate a connection request that is in material respects the same as the pre-connect request.

Abstract: It is realized that the use of a spanning tree protocol in particular portions of a network may not necessarily be desired due to performance and stability reasons. A method and system is provided for executing a revised spanning tree algorithm that performs more optimally in particular network topologies. In one aspect, a spanning tree protocol is executed over a first and second network connected by a third network, wherein the spanning tree network is disabled in the third network. The third network may be, for example, a core network through which first and second Layer 2 networks are bridged. The first and second networks may be coupled by another network or network connection, and it may be preferable to allow the operation of the spanning tree network between the first and second coupled networks for the purpose of fail over to redundant paths.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus relating to intermediate system recovery to reduce the required amount of computational resources and network bandwidth to recover an intermediate system after an operational failure. The intermediate system conceals its operational failure from neighboring systems and queries them for information sufficient to simplify the reconstruction of its routing information. The intermediate system can interoperate with existing neighbor intermediate systems that have not implemented the invention allowing the benefit and convenience of incrementally deploying embodiments of the present invention. Embodiments of the present invention include but are not limited to intermediate systems that use IS-IS and BGP protocols.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus relating to intermediate system recovery to reduce the required amount of computational resources and network bandwidth to recover an intermediate system after an operational failure. The intermediate system conceals its operational failure from neighboring systems and queries them for information sufficient to simplify the reconstruction of its routing information. The intermediate system can interoperate with existing neighbor intermediate systems that have not implemented the invention allowing the benefit and convenience of incrementally deploying embodiments of the present invention. Embodiments of the present invention include but are not limited to intermediate systems that use IS-IS and BGP protocols.