Abstract: Techniques for using a cache to accelerate virtual machine (VM) I/O are provided. In one embodiment, a host system can intercept an I/O request from a VM running on the host system, where the I/O request is directed to a virtual disk residing on a shared storage device. The host system can then process the I/O request by accessing a cache that resides on one or more cache devices directly attached to the host system, where the accessing of the cache is transparent to the VM.

Abstract: A computer system that employs a solid-state memory device as a physical storage resource includes a hypervisor that is capable of supporting TRIM commands issued by virtual machines running in the computer system. When a virtual machine issues a TRIM command to its corresponding virtual storage device to invalidate data stored therein, the TRIM command is received at an interface layer in the hypervisor that translates the TRIM command to a SCSI command known as UMMAP. A SCSI virtualization layer converts the UNMAP command to a file system command to delete portions of the virtual storage device that is maintained as a file in the hypervisor's file system. Upon receiving the delete commands, the hypervisor's file system driver generates a TRIM command to invalidate the data stored in the solid-state memory device at locations corresponding to the portions of the file that are to be deleted.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrical interconnection system comprising: a paddle card comprising a plurality of first contact pads positioned on a first surface of the paddle card and a plurality of second contact pads positioned on an opposite second surface of the paddle card; a first wafer comprising a plurality of first conductors each having a first contact portion; and a second wafer comprising a plurality of second conductors each having a second contact portion; wherein the first wafer and the second wafer are assembled together to have the first contact portion and the second contact portion face each other and be able to form a gap therebetween for accommodating at least part of the paddle card; each first contact portion is adapted to be in electrical contact with a corresponding first contact pad and each second contact portion is adapted to be in electrical contact with a corresponding second contact pad when the paddle card is at least partly accommodated in the gap.

Abstract: A method for allocating storage for a virtual machine includes receiving a request to allocate a block of disk storage on a physical disk to a virtual disk associated with the virtual machine. The method also includes identifying a plurality of available blocks on the physical disk, each of the plurality of available blocks defining a radial distance from a center axis of a platter of the physical disk. The method further includes determining which of the plurality of available blocks has a greatest radial distance from the center axis of the platter and, based on the determining, selecting an allocation block from the plurality of available blocks, the allocation block having the greatest radial distance from the center axis of the platter. The method also includes allocating the allocation block to the virtual machine.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrical interconnection system comprising: a paddle card comprising a plurality of first contact pads positioned on a first surface of the paddle card and a plurality of second contact pads positioned on an opposite second surface of the paddle card; a first wafer comprising a plurality of first conductors each having a first contact portion; and a second wafer comprising a plurality of second conductors each having a second contact portion; wherein the first wafer and the second wafer are assembled together to have the first contact portion and the second contact portion face each other and be able to form a gap therebetween for accommodating at least part of the paddle card; each first contact portion is adapted to be in electrical contact with a corresponding first contact pad and each second contact portion is adapted to be in electrical contact with a corresponding second contact pad when the paddle card is at least partly accommodated in the gap.

Abstract: A method for allocating storage for a virtual machine includes receiving a request to allocate a block of disk storage on a physical disk to a virtual disk associated with the virtual machine. The method also includes identifying a plurality of available blocks on the physical disk, each of the plurality of available blocks defining a radial distance from a center axis of a platter of the physical disk. The method further includes determining which of the plurality of available blocks has a greatest radial distance from the center axis of the platter and, based on the determining, selecting an allocation block from the plurality of available blocks, the allocation block having the greatest radial distance from the center axis of the platter. The method also includes allocating the allocation block to the virtual machine.

Abstract: Techniques for surfacing host-side flash storage capacity to a plurality of VMs running on a host system are provided. In one embodiment, the host system creates, for each VM in the plurality of VMs, a flash storage space allocation in a flash storage device that is locally attached to the host system. The host system then causes the flash storage space allocation to be readable and writable by the VM as a virtual flash memory device.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrical interconnection system comprising: a paddle card comprising a plurality of first contact pads positioned on a first surface of the paddle card and a plurality of second contact pads positioned on an opposite second surface of the paddle card; a first wafer comprising a plurality of first conductors each having a first contact portion; and a second wafer comprising a plurality of second conductors each having a second contact portion; wherein the first wafer and the second wafer are assembled together to have the first contact portion and the second contact portion face each other and be able to form a gap therebetween for accommodating at least part of the paddle card; each first contact portion is adapted to be in electrical contact with a corresponding first contact pad and each second contact portion is adapted to be in electrical contact with a corresponding second contact pad when the paddle card is at least partly accommodated in the gap.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrical interconnection system comprising: a paddle card comprising a plurality of first contact pads positioned on a first surface of the paddle card and a plurality of second contact pads positioned on an opposite second surface of the paddle card; a first wafer comprising a plurality of first conductors each having a first contact portion; and a second wafer comprising a plurality of second conductors each having a second contact portion; wherein the first wafer and the second wafer are assembled together to have the first contact portion and the second contact portion face each other and be able to form a gap therebetween for accommodating at least part of the paddle card; each first contact portion is adapted to be in electrical contact with a corresponding first contact pad and each second contact portion is adapted to be in electrical contact with a corresponding second contact pad when the paddle card is at least partly accommodated in the gap.

Abstract: Techniques for automatically allocating space in a flash storage-based cache are provided. In one embodiment, a computer system collects I/O trace logs for a plurality of virtual machines or a plurality of virtual disks and determines cache utility models for the plurality of virtual machines or the plurality of virtual disks based on the I/O trace logs. The cache utility model for each virtual machine or each virtual disk defines an expected utility of allocating space in the flash storage-based cache to the virtual machine or the virtual disk over a range of different cache allocation sizes. The computer system then calculates target cache allocation sizes for the plurality of virtual machines or the plurality of virtual disks based on the cache utility models and allocates space in the flash storage-based cache based on the target cache allocation sizes.

Abstract: Techniques for using a host-side cache to accelerate virtual machine (VM) I/O are provided. In one embodiment, the hypervisor of a host system can intercept an I/O request from a VM running on the host system, where the I/O request is directed to a virtual disk residing on a shared storage device. The hypervisor can then process the I/O request by accessing a host-side cache that resides one or more cache devices distinct from the shared storage device, where the accessing of the host-side cache is transparent to the VM.

Abstract: Techniques for using a cache to accelerate virtual machine (VM) I/O are provided. In one embodiment, a host system can intercept an I/O request from a VM running on the host system, where the I/O request is directed to a virtual disk residing on a shared storage device. The host system can then process the I/O request by accessing a cache that resides on one or more cache devices directly attached to the host system, where the accessing of the cache is transparent to the VM.

Abstract: A technique for efficient cache management demotes a unit of data from a higher cache level to a lower cache level in a cache hierarchy when the higher level cache evicts the unit of data. In a virtualization computing environment, eviction of the unit of data may be inferred by observing privileged memory and disk operations performed by a guest operating system and trapped by virtualization software for execution. When the unit of data is inferred to be evicted, the unit of data is demoted by transferring the unit of data into the lower cache level. This technique enables exclusive caching without direct involvement or modification of the guest operating system. In alternative embodiments, a pseudo-driver installed within the guest operating system explicitly tracks memory operations and transmits page eviction information to the lower level cache, which is able to cache evicted pages while maintaining cache exclusivity.

Abstract: Techniques for dynamically managing the placement of blocks of a logical file between a flash storage tier and an HDD storage tier are provided. In one embodiment, a computer system can collect I/O statistics pertaining to the logical file, where a first subset of blocks of the logical file are stored on the flash storage tier and where a second subset of blocks of the logical file are stored on the HDD storage tier. The computer system can further generate a heat map for the logical file based on the I/O statistics, where the heat map indicates, for each block of the logical file, the number of times the block has been accessed. The computer system can then identify, using the heat map, one or more blocks of the logical file as being performance-critical blocks, and can move data between the flash and HDD storage tiers such that the performance-critical blocks are placed on the flash storage tier.

Abstract: Techniques for surfacing host-side flash storage capacity to a plurality of VMs running on a host system are provided. In one embodiment, the host system creates, for each VM in the plurality of VMs, a flash storage space allocation in a flash storage device that is locally attached to the host system. The host system then causes the flash storage space allocation to be readable and writable by the VM as a virtual flash memory device.

Abstract: Techniques for utilizing flash storage as an extension of hard disk (HDD) storage are provided. In one embodiment, a computer system stores a subset of blocks of a logical file in a first physical file, associated with a first data structure that represents a filesystem object, on flash storage and a subset of blocks, associated with a second data structure that represents a filesystem object comprising tiering configuration information that includes an identifier of the first physical file, in a second physical file on HDD storage. The computer system processes an I/O request directed to the logical file by directing it to either the physical file on the flash storage or the HDD storage by verifying that the tiering configuration information exists in the data structure and determining whether the one or more blocks are part of the first subset of blocks or the second subset of blocks.

Abstract: An I/O hint framework is provided. In one embodiment, a computer system can receive an I/O command originating from a virtual machine (VM), where the I/O command identifies a data block of a virtual disk. The computer system can further extract hint metadata from the I/O command, where the hint metadata includes one or more characteristics of the data block that are relevant for determining how to cache the data block in a flash storage-based cache. The computer system can then make the hint metadata available to a caching module configured to manage the flash storage-based cache.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrical interconnection system comprising: a paddle card comprising a plurality of first contact pads positioned on a first surface of the paddle card and a plurality of second contact pads positioned on an opposite second surface of the paddle card; a first wafer comprising a plurality of first conductors each having a first contact portion; and a second wafer comprising a plurality of second conductors each having a second contact portion; wherein the first wafer and the second wafer are assembled together to have the first contact portion and the second contact portion face each other and be able to form a gap therebetween for accommodating at least part of the paddle card; each first contact portion is adapted to be in electrical contact with a corresponding first contact pad and each second contact portion is adapted to be in electrical contact with a corresponding second contact pad when the paddle card is at least partly accommodated in the gap.

Abstract: Techniques for surfacing host-side flash storage capacity to a plurality of VMs running on a host system are provided. In one embodiment, the host system creates, for each VM in the plurality of VMs, a flash storage space allocation in a flash storage device that is locally attached to the host system. The host system then causes the flash storage space allocation to be readable and writable by the VM as a virtual flash memory device.

Abstract: Techniques for managing space in a flash storage-based cache are provided. In one embodiment, a computer system can calculate “ratio of effective cache space” (rECS) values for a plurality of VMs, where each VM has a cache allocation comprising a subset of a global pool of cache blocks in the flash storage-based cache, and where the rECS value for the VM indicates a proportion of the subset that has been populated with cached data and re-accessed by the VM within a current time window. The computer system can further determine a new cache allocation size for at least one VM in the plurality of VMs based on the rECS values. The computer system can then adjust the number of cache blocks in the at least one VM's cache allocation based on the new cache allocation size.