Abstract: A composite load bearing structure comprises a main body portion having a top surface and a bottom surface defining a dimension of thickness therebetween, first and second side surfaces defining a dimension of width therebetween, first and second end surfaces defining a dimension of length therebetween, and a first longitudinal axis oriented along the length of the main body portion. The thickness is significantly less than at least the length of the load bearing structure. The main body portion is made of a first composite material comprising a binding constituent in a proportion of about 10% to about 20% by volume, and an aggregate material in a proportion of about 80% to about 90% by volume. The binding constituent comprises polyethylene or a polyethylene blend having at least 10% polyethylene.

Abstract: A composite railway tie, and process for manufacture thereof, is disclosed. The composite railway tie comprises a main body portion being made of a first composite material comprising a binding constituent in a proportion of about 10% to about 20% by volume, and an aggregate material in a proportion of about 80% to about 90% by volume. The binding constituent comprises a plastic material chosen from the group of polyethylene and a polyethylene blend having at least 10% polyethylene. The aggregate material is in the form of irregular multi-faceted pieces chosen from the group consisting of crushed furnace slag, crushed gravel, crushed limestone, crushed granite, crushed basalt, and crushed trap rock, and mixtures thereof. The pieces of the aggregate material are distributed and otherwise arranged within the main body portion of the second material so that opposed surfaces of the pieces of the aggregate material have at least partial contact, one with another, in a contiguous manner.

Abstract: A multi-layer molded composite paving block having a first layer comprising reclaimed asphalt, thermoplastic or thermosetting plastic, monofilament fibre material and elastic material, and a second layer comprising thermoplastic such as polyethylene or thermosetting plastic, and an aggregate material, is disclosed. The first layer comprises about 75% to about 95% of the block while the second layer comprises about 5% to about 25% of the block. The plastic constituent in each of the first and second layers at opposing surfaces thereof are heat and pressure bonded with plastic constituent in the other of the first and second layers, so as to form a securely interlocked structural interface between the first and second layers, so as to thereby form a single integral structure.

Abstract: A composite paving block formed from desired proportions of asphalt, plastic such as polyethylene or phenolic resin, elastomeric material such as rubber or polyvinylchloride, and fibre material such as nylon or rayon, is disclosed. Recycled or reclaimed materials such as reclaimed asphalt, recycled polyethylene bottles, and recycled tires may be used. The materials are heated and blended together into a relatively uniform mixture of composite material. The composite material is further heated and is then molded into individual paving blocks, which exhibit a property of very high compressive strength.