Abstract: Apparatus for transferring solid particles to a receptacle comprises a loading tube (2) surrounded at or near its base by a gas supply chamber (7) terminating in a Coanda surface (9). A slot (10) between the outlet from the loading tube (2) and the beginning of the Coanda surface (9) forms a Coanda nozzle. A throttle (3) is preferably fitted in the loading tube (2) to form an annulus (4) down which the particles flow to the slot (10). A gas supply line (8) preferably enters a gas supply (7) tangentially to supply gas to the Coanda nozzle. The apparatus is particularly suitable for loading catalyst into a reactor.

Abstract: A cartridge (7) for removing contaminants from a liquid comprises (a) a central inlet or outlet, (b) a circumferential outlet or inlet for radial flow through the cartridge and (c) a resilient, helically coiled plate (8) permeable to liquid. One edge of the plate is secured at or near the central inlet or outlet, the other edge is secured at or near the circumferential outlet or inlet and means is provided for tensioning the plate.The cartridge may be used in a filter.It may be modified by adding a fibrous layer to the coiled plate. This renders it suitable for use as a coalescer.