Abstract: A catalyst prepared by polymerizing 0-98 weight % butylstyrene; 0-80 weight % vinyl toluene; 1.5-25 weight % divinyl benzene having 1-98 weight % of ethyl vinyl benzene; and 0-80 weight % styrene. Copolymer beads are made, sulfonated, and used as a catalyst.

Abstract: A catalyst prepared by polymerizing 0-98 weight % butylstyrene; 0-80 weight % vinyl toluene; 1.5-25 weight % divinyl benzene having 1-98 weight % of ethyl vinyl benzene; and 0-80 weight % styrene. Copolymer beads are made, sulfonated, and used as a catalyst.

Abstract: A process for preparing a strong acid catalyst by polymerizing 0-98 weight % butylstyrene; 0-80 weight % vinyl toluene; 1.5-25 weight % divinyl benzene having 1-98 weight % of ethyl vinyl benzene; and 0-80 weight % styrene. Copolymer beads are made, sulfonated, and used as a catalyst.

Abstract: The invention generally relates to amination reactions and amination reaction products, and particularly to methods for aminating vinyl aromatic polymers utilizing tertiary amines. In one embodiment, the invention includes conducting an amination reaction by combining a tertiary amine and a vinyl aromatic polymer comprising benzyl chloride groups to form a reaction mixture and maintaining the pH of the reaction mixture within a designated range. In another embodiment, the invention includes an aminated vinyl aromatic polymer. In yet another embodiment, the invention includes an ion exchange resin including quaternary ammonium functionality. The invention is useful in preparing ion exchange resins suitable for a variety of applications such as the removal of perchlorate ions from water sources and recovery of gold cyanide from mining leach solutions.

Abstract: The invention generally relates to amination reactions and amination reaction products, and particularly to methods for aminating vinyl aromatic polymers utilizing tertiary amines. In one embodiment, the invention includes conducting an amination reaction by combining a tertiary amine and a vinyl aromatic polymer comprising benzyl chloride groups to form a reaction mixture and maintaining the pH of the reaction mixture within a designated range. In another embodiment, the invention includes an aminated vinyl aromatic polymer. In yet another embodiment, the invention includes an ion exchange resin including quaternary ammonium functionality. The invention is useful in preparing ion exchange resins suitable for a variety of applications such as the removal of perchlorate ions from water sources and recovery of gold cyanide from mining leach solutions.