Abstract: A forest fire retardant composition contains a retardant compound that includes a potassium salt. The potassium salt may include a potassium salt of an organic acid, a potassium salt of an inorganic acid, or mixtures thereof. The organic acid may include formic acid, acetic acid, propanoic acid, butanoic acid, lactic acid, oxalic acid, malic acid, gluconic acid, tartaric acid, uric acid, malic acid, or citric acid. The inorganic acid may include sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, carbonic acid, or hydrochloric acid. The composition may be in the form of a dry concentrate, a liquid concentrate, or a final diluted product. The final diluted product is effective in suppressing, retarding, and controlling forest fires while exhibiting corrosion resistance and low toxicity.

Abstract: A forest fire retardant composition contains a retardant compound that includes a phosphate salt. The phosphate salt may include diammonium phosphate, diammonium orthophosphate, monoammonium phosphate, monoammonium orthophosphate, monosodium phosphate, disodium phosphate, disodium phosphate hydrate, sodium ammonium phosphate, sodium ammonium phosphate hydrate, sodium tripolyphosphate, trisodium phosphate, or dipotassium phosphate, and combinations thereof. The forest fire retardant composition may include an ammonium source. The composition may be in the form of a dry concentrate, a liquid concentrate, or a final diluted product. The final diluted product is effective in suppressing, retarding, and controlling forest fires while exhibiting corrosion resistance and low toxicity.

Abstract: Leakage components are described herein. The leakage component includes a first tubing housing and a plurality of leakage ports. The first tubular housing defines a first flow path between a first end portion and a second end portion. The plurality of leakage ports are formed in the first housing and in fluid communication with the first flow path. The fluid flow through the plurality of leakage ports is configured to entrain ambient air into the fluid flow exiting the plurality of leakage ports to decelerate the fluid flow.

Abstract: The disclosed subject matter relates to extracorporeal blood processing or other processing of fluids. Volumetric fluid balance, a required element of many such processes, may be achieved with multiple pumps or other proportioning or balancing devices which are to some extent independent of each other. This need may arise in treatments that involve multiple fluids. Safe and secure mechanisms to ensure fluid balance in such systems are described.

Abstract: Leakage components are described herein. The leakage component includes a first tubing housing and a plurality of leakage ports. The first tubular housing defines a first flow path between a first end portion and a second end portion. The plurality of leakage ports are formed in the first housing and in fluid communication with the first flow path. The fluid flow through the plurality of leakage ports is configured to entrain ambient air into the fluid flow exiting the plurality of leakage ports to decelerate the fluid flow.

Abstract: Ventilation masks are described herein. A ventilation mask includes a mask body and a gas manifold. The mask body defines a patient cavity and further includes a patient opening in fluid communication with the patient cavity; and at least one vent opening formed through the mask body, the at least one vent opening in fluid communication with the patient cavity, wherein the at least one vent opening is disposed generally opposite to the patient opening. The gas manifold is coupled to the mask body. The gas manifold can define a gas channel. The gas manifold can include a plurality of vectored gas ports in fluid communication with the gas channel, wherein the plurality of vectored gas ports are configured to create a curtain effect gas flow within the patient cavity to form a gas curtain within the patient cavity and adjacent to the at least one vent opening.

Abstract: Airway adapters, suction catheter systems, and methods of using the same are described herein. An exemplary airway adapter assembly may comprise a connector body portion having a first end and a second end, an elongate cavity having an axial center can be defined between the first and the second end, and a valve can be coupled to the second end of the connector body. The exemplary airway adapter assembly may also comprise a ventilation base member comprising a tubular portion coupled to the second end of the connector body portion and ventilator port. The ventilator port may comprises a conduit having a first conduit end and a second conduit end, and the first conduit end may be coupled to the tubular portion through an articulable connection. An exemplary closed suction catheter system may comprise a suction control valve assembly and a closed suction catheter sheath.

Abstract: Ventilation masks are disclosed herein including a mask body and a gas manifold coupled to the mask body to form a gas channel for directing a gas through a gas port to create a curtain effect gas flow within the patient cavity and form a gas curtain within the patient cavity and adjacent to at least one vent opening formed through the mask body, and a sampling cover couplable with the mask body to form a sampling channel between a sampling portal of the sampling cover and a sensing port, where the sampling portal is formed by a protrusion of the sampling cover that extends into the vent opening and can extend toward a patient cavity formed by an inner surface of the mask body.

Abstract: A resuscitator has a patient airway interface device, a bag, a fluid passage coupled between the bag and patient airway interface device, and a sensor module. The patient airway interface device may be a mask or an endotracheal tube. The sensor module can have a display, at least one sensor coupled to the flow passage and configured to provide a measurement of at least one parameter, and a processor coupled to the display and the at least one sensor. The processor is configured to receive the measurement from the sensor and provide information on the display based on the received measurement. The information may include a current breath rate, a pressure-vs-time curve, and guidance to the user to assist in achieving a target breath rate.

Abstract: Leakage components are described herein. The leakage component includes a first tubing housing and a plurality of leakage ports. The first tubular housing defines a first flow path between a first end portion and a second end portion. The plurality of leakage ports are formed in the first housing and in fluid communication with the first flow path. The fluid flow through the plurality of leakage ports is configured to entrain ambient air into the fluid flow exiting the plurality of leakage ports to decelerate the fluid flow.

Abstract: An exemplary suction catheter adaptor includes an adaptor body having a passageway between a proximal end and a distal end of the adaptor body. The proximal end of the adaptor body receives an instrument and, when coupled with an airway adaptor having a valve within a passageway between a proximal end and a distal end of the airway adaptor, the distal end of the adaptor body deflects the valve to permit the instrument to be advanced or retracted through the valve. A seal within the passageway of the adaptor body is biased to engage the valve during advancement of an instrument toward the valve, and the seal is disengaged when the instrument is retracted away from the valve. The valve, when not engaged, occludes the passageway between a proximal end and a distal end of the airway adaptor.

Abstract: Ventilation masks are described herein. A ventilation mask includes a mask body and a gas manifold. The mask body defines a patient cavity and further includes a patient opening in fluid communication with the patient cavity; and at least one vent opening formed through the mask body, the at least one vent opening in fluid communication with the patient cavity, wherein the at least one vent opening is disposed generally opposite to the patient opening. The gas manifold is coupled to the mask body. The gas manifold can define a gas channel. The gas manifold can include a plurality of vectored gas ports in fluid communication with the gas channel, wherein the plurality of vectored gas ports are configured to create a curtain effect gas flow within the patient cavity to form a gas curtain within the patient cavity and adjacent to the at least one vent opening.

Abstract: An apparatus (1) for detecting a substance in a rod shaped article of the tobacco industry (2), the apparatus (1) including one or more sources (10,11) of electromagnetic radiation, one or more detectors (26, 27) and a processor (32). The one or more sources (10, 11) are configured to generate electromagnetic radiation at first and second wavelengths (?1, ?2). The one or more detectors (26, 27) are configured to detect the first and second wavelengths (?1, ?2) after propagation in the rod shaped article (2), lo and to generate signals (A, B) based on the amount of radiation received at each wavelength (?1, ?2). The processor (32) is configured to process the signals (A, B) to determine information relating to the presence of the substance, based on the relative amount of radiation received at the first and second wavelengths.

Abstract: An exemplary suction catheter adaptor includes an adaptor body having a passageway between a proximal end and a distal end of the adaptor body. The proximal end of the adaptor body receives an instrument and, when coupled with an airway adaptor having a valve within a passageway between a proximal end and a distal end of the airway adaptor, the distal end of the adaptor body deflects the valve to permit the instrument to be advanced or retracted through the valve. A seal within the passageway of the adaptor body is biased to engage the valve during advancement of an instrument toward the valve, and the seal is disengaged when the instrument is retracted away from the valve. The valve, when not engaged, occludes the passageway between a proximal end and a distal end of the airway adaptor.

Abstract: Airway adapters and suction catheter systems, and methods of using the same, are described herein. An exemplary airway adapter assembly may comprise a connector body portion having a first end and a second end. The connector body portion may define an elongate cavity having an axial center between the first and the second end. The exemplary airway adapter assembly may also comprise a valve coupled to the second end of the connector body. The exemplary airway adapter assembly may also comprise a ventilation base member comprising a tubular portion coupled to the second end of the connector body portion and ventilator port. The ventilator port may comprises a conduit having a first conduit end and a second conduit end, and the first conduit end may be coupled to the tubular portion through an articulable connection. An exemplary closed suction catheter system may comprise a suction control valve assembly and a closed suction catheter sheath.

Abstract: Airway adapters and suction catheter systems, and methods of using the same, are described herein. An exemplary airway adapter assembly may comprise a connector body portion having a first end and a second end. The connector body portion may define an elongate cavity having an axial center between the first and the second end. The exemplary airway adapter assembly may also comprise a valve coupled to the second end of the connector body. The exemplary airway adapter assembly may also comprise a ventilation base member comprising a tubular portion coupled to the second end of the connector body portion and ventilator port. The ventilator port may comprises a conduit having a first conduit end and a second conduit end, and the first conduit end may be coupled to the tubular portion through an articulable connection. An exemplary closed suction catheter system may comprise a suction control valve assembly and a closed suction catheter sheath.

Abstract: A resuscitator has a patient airway interface device, a bag, a fluid passage coupled between the bag and patient airway interface device, and a sensor module. The patient airway interface device may be a mask or an endotracheal tube. The sensor module can have a display, at least one sensor coupled to the flow passage and configured to provide a measurement of at least one parameter, and a processor coupled to the display and the at least one sensor. The processor is configured to receive the measurement from the sensor and provide information on the display based on the received measurement. The information may include a current breath rate, a pressure-vs-time curve, and guidance to the user to assist in achieving a target breath rate.

Abstract: A resuscitator has a patient airway interface device, a bag, a flow passage coupled between the bag and patient airway interface device, and a sensor assembly. The patient airway interface device may be a mask or an endotracheal tube. The sensor assembly has a display, at least one sensor coupled to the flow passage and configured to provide a measurement of at least one parameter, and a processor coupled to the display and the at least one sensor. The processor is configured to receive the measurement from the sensor and provide information on the display based on the received measurement. The information may include a current breath rate, a pressure-vs-time curve, and guidance to the user to assist in achieving a target breath rate.