Abstract: An apparatus and method for measuring coolant quenching rates includes a metallic disk supported on a ceramic tube, the metallic disk including a plurality of thermocouples therein. The metallic disk is heated from above by a torch and coolant is sprayed on the underside of the disk. Changes in temperature throughout the metallic disk are detected by the thermocouples to measure various quenching parameters. The metallic disk may be surrounded by insulating material to maintain heat flow through the disk in a predetermined manner. By heating, insulating and cooling the metallic disk, temperature measurements can be quantified into heat transfer rates to investigate various heat transfer mechanisms and different types of coolants.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for detoxification of aluminum spent potliner by thermal treatment in a rotary kiln while blended with limestone and metal silicates to destroy cyanides and convert the soluble fluoride salts to relatively insoluble calcium fluoride and fluoride-bearing minerals, quenching the hot kiln discharge with an aqueous lime slurry to convert residual soluble fluoride salts on the particle surfaces to an insoluble form, and treating aqueous landfill runoff and capture with lime or limestone and recycling the treated water to the process. The treated material is suitable for landfilling in a non-hazardous waste landfill or marketing as a raw material. Air emissions are innocuous and there is no aqueous discharge.

Abstract: A phosphate ore flotation process subjects a phosphate ore containing silica and silicates to froth flotation in the presence of a collector, said collector being a C.sub.54 high molecular weight tribasic acid comprising three carboxylic functional groups, recovering the phosphate concentrate from the overflow, and removing the separated silica and silicates in the underflow. The tribasic acids should be used in conjunction with fuel oil, not only to reduce the reagent consumption, but also to increase the grade and recovery of phosphate concentrate. The selectivity of this collector is so great that an acceptable phosphate rock concentrate can be obtained from the phosphate ore in a single anionic circuit.

Abstract: A phosphate ore flotation process subjects a phosphate ore containing silica and silicates to froth flotation in the presence of a collector, said collector being a C.sub.54 high molecular weight tribasic acid comprising three carboxylic functional groups, recovering the phosphate concentrate from the overflow, and removing the separated silica and silicates in the underflow. The tribasic acids should be used in conjunction with fuel oil, not only to reduce the reagent consumption, but also to increase the grade and recovery of phosphate concentrate.