Abstract: A cold spray apparatus is provided that includes a nozzle having a converging section and a diverging terminal section. A gas supply meters a majority by atomic percent helium gas to the nozzle at an incident gas temperature of less than 30° Celsius and at an incident velocity of between 2 and 6 MPa. A particulate feeder provides ductile material particulate having a mean x-y-z axially averaged linear dimension of between 0.9 and 95 microns to the nozzle. A composition is also provided that includes a substrate and a coating of ductile metal. The coating has a void density of less than 1% by volume, and an average domain size of between 0.9 and 95 microns. The coating has a compressive residual stress.

Abstract: A method of filtering air includes the steps of providing a filter element, providing a pair of electrodes sandwiching the filter element, applying a DC electrostatic field to the electrodes to produce attracting forces between particulates and micro-organisms contained in the air and the filter element, and intermittently applying a sterilizing electrical field concurrently with the electrostatic field. An RF, DC pulse, or AC power supply can be used to generate the sterilizing electrical field.

Abstract: Electrically enhanced filter, includes a filter element, a pair of electrodes sandwiching the filter element, a DC, AC, pulse, or RF power supply coupled to the electrode to create an electrostatic field across the filter element and to produce attracting forces between micro-organisms contained in the air and the filter element, and a power supply creating a sterilizing electrical field, which may be either an RF, DC, pulse, or AC power supply coupled to the electrodes and creating discharging or non-discharging voltages on the filter element to destruct the micro-organisms at and in the vicinity of the filter element.

Abstract: A catalytic reactor (10) for oxidizing elemental mercury contained in flue gas is provided. The catalyst reactor (10) comprises within a flue gas conduit a perforated corona discharge plate (30a, b) having a plurality of through openings (33) and a plurality of projecting corona discharge electrodes (31); a perforated electrode plate (40a, b, c) having a plurality of through openings (43) axially aligned with the through openings (33) of the perforated corona discharge plate (30a, b) displaced from and opposing the tips of the corona discharge electrodes (31); and a catalyst member (60a, b, c, d) overlaying that face of the perforated electrode plate (40a, b, c) opposing the tips of the corona discharge electrodes (31). A uniformly distributed corona discharge plasma (1000) is intermittently generated between the plurality of corona discharge electrode tips (31) and the catalyst member (60a, b, c, d) when a stream of flue gas is passed through the conduit.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a method for nitrogen oxide reduction and flue gas reheating wherein a catalyst surface is heated to an operating temperature to facilitate a catalytic reduction reaction in the presence of relatively cool flue gas. To avoid conventional complication the catalytic reduction reaction is performed downstream of both particulate control operations and desulfurization procedures. That is, the catalyst surface itself is placed just before the stack. The method of the present invention reheats the flue gas prior to its exit into the atmosphere.

Abstract: A method for the removal of nitrogen oxides from waste gases by contacting the waste gas with the products of the pyrolytic decomposition of methane containing CH and CH.sub.2 radicals to reduce the nitrogen oxides to nitrogen.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for enhanced removal of SO.sub.2 and fly ash from flue gas by directing the flue gas and an SO.sub.2 sorbent through an electrostatic charger and then through a bag filter where electrostatically improved flue gas/sorbent contact occurs and where the suspended fly ash and sodium sulfate are removed and the gas stream is discharged.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for creating high temperature plasmas for enhanced chemical processing of gaseous fluids, toxic chemicals, and the like, at a wide range of pressures, especially at atmospheric and high pressures includes an electro-magnetic resonator cavity, preferably a reentrant cavity, and a wave guiding structure which connects an electro-magnetic source to the cavity. The cavity includes an intake port and an exhaust port, each having apertures in the conductive walls of the cavity sufficient for the intake of the gaseous fluids and for the discharge of the processed gaseous fluids. The apertures are sufficiently small to prevent the leakage of the electro-magnetic radiation from the cavity. Gaseous fluid flowing from the direction of the electro-magnetic source through the guiding wave structure and into the cavity acts on the plasma to push it away from the guiding wave structure and the electro-magnetic source.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for the distruction of toxic materials adsorbed on large masses of non-toxic materials by subjecting a mixture of the materials to a high power electron beam or to gamma rays.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for separating particulate matter from a gas stream wherein dirty gas is moved first through a corona discharge zone, such as that provided by a plurality of rod-like electrodes each having a sharp-edged corona producing ribbon-like formation extending axially therealong, and then is moved through a plurality of mechanical filters of the cartridge type, each comprising a perforated, cylindrical, metal outer shell and an inner filter medium of foraminous dielectric material such as pleated paper. Each cartridge is closed at one end and open at the other from which cleaned gas flows out axially. The electrodes are located circumferentially of the filters with the filter and electrode longitudinal axes being substantially parallel.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for separating particulate matter from a gas stream wherein dirty gas is moved through an electrostatic charging zone such as an electrostatic precipitator and then is moved through a filter of foraminous material such as a fabric filter of the bag type. The filter is in fluid communication with the charging zone and electrically insulated therefrom. Collected particulate material on surfaces of the charging zone or precipitator and on the filter is removed by introducing a controlled quantity of high pressure gas at predetermined times adjacent the outlet of the charging zone or precipitator and in a direction toward the inlet thereof in a manner inducing a substantial flow of the cleaned gas through the apparatus in a reverse direction.