Abstract: The present disclosure describes multi-fluid kits for three-dimensional printing, three-dimensional printing kits, and methods of three-dimensional printing. In one example, a multi-fluid kit for three-dimensional printing can include a fusing agent and a ductility agent. The fusing agent can include water and electromagnetic radiation absorber. The electromagnetic radiation absorber can absorb radiation energy and convert the radiation energy to heat. The ductility agent can include water, a water-soluble pore-generating compound that chemically reacts at an elevated temperature to generate a gas, and a plasticizer. The plasticizer can have formula (I) wherein n is an integer ranging from 3 to 8; or formula (II) wherein m is an integer ranging from 3 to 8.

Abstract: A multi-fluid kit for three-dimensional printing can include a fusing agent and a coloring agent. The fusing agent can include an electromagnetic radiation absorber in a first liquid vehicle. The electromagnetic radiation absorber can absorb radiation energy and can convert the radiation energy to heat. The coloring agent can include a magenta rhodamine dye and a fluorescence quenching iodide salt in a second liquid vehicle. A molar ratio of the magenta rhodamine dye to the fluorescence quenching iodide salt can range from about 1:1 to about 1:10.

Abstract: According to examples, an apparatus may include a processor and a memory on which are stored machine-readable instructions that when executed by the processor, may cause the processor to identify an orientation of a surface of a three-dimensional (3D) model. The instructions may also cause the processor to, based on the identified orientation of the surface, determine an agent formulation to be employed in fabricating a section of a 3D printed part corresponding to the surface, in which each of a plurality of different orientations of surfaces of the 3D model corresponds to a respective different agent formulation.

Abstract: In an example, a method includes segmenting, using a processor, a virtual volume comprising a representation of at least a part of an object to be generated in additive manufacturing. The virtual volume may be segmented into a plurality of segments and the object may be intended to have a first color. Additive manufacturing control instructions may be determined for the segments. The additive manufacturing control instructions may comprise instructions for distributing the print agent composition and the additive manufacturing control instructions for each segment may be determined based on the thermal properties of a print agent composition intended to provide the first color to compensate for variations in object dimensions associated with the thermal properties.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes kits and compositions for three dimensional printing, systems for three-dimensional printing, and methods of making three-dimensional printed articles. In one example, a multi-fluid kit for three-dimensional printing comprises: a fusing agent comprising water and a radiation absorber, wherein the radiation absorber absorbs radiation energy and converts the radiation energy to heat; and a pore-promoting agent comprising water and a water-soluble pore-promoting compound, wherein the pore promoting compound chemically reacts at an elevated temperature to generate a gas, and wherein the water-soluble pore-promoting compound is selected from the group consisting of sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: According to examples, an apparatus may include a processor and a memory on which are stored machine-readable instructions that when executed by the processor, may cause the processor to identify a first orientation of a first surface portion of a three-dimensional (3D) model. The instructions may also cause the processor to, based on the identified first orientation of the first surface portion, determine a first thickness of a first section of a first geological region of the 3D model, the first section being adjacent to the first surface portion, in which a plurality of different orientations of 3D model surface portions are correlated to a plurality of different thicknesses. The instructions may further cause the processor to define the first section of the first geological region to have the determined first thickness.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are kits, methods, systems, and compositions for threedimensional printing. In an example, disclosed herein is a multi-fluid kit for threedimensional printing comprising: a marking agent comprising a marking component which is a fluorescent color agent that is activated by ultraviolet radiation to emit light in the visible range of from about 400 nm to about 780 nm; a first fusing agent; a second fusing agent different from the first fusing agent; and a detailing agent.

Abstract: In one example, a document scanner has a fixed-position scan bar and a built-in translatable calibration target. The scan bar has a linear array of imaging elements aimed in an imaging direction. The calibration target is spaced apart from and parallel to the linear array, and has a planar surface orthogonal to the imaging direction spanning the length of the linear array. The target is translatable during a calibration in a direction in a plane of the surface.

Abstract: In one example, a document scanner has a fixed-position scan bar and a built-in translatable calibration target. The scan bar has a linear array of imaging elements aimed in an imaging direction. The calibration target is spaced apart from and parallel to the linear array, and has a planar surface orthogonal to the imaging direction spanning the length of the linear array. The target is translatable during a calibration in a direction in a plane of the surface.

Abstract: A scanner is disclosed. The scanner has a background pattern that is captured as part of the scanned image. The scanner may be a flatbed scanner, a sheet-feed scanner, or a flatbed scanner using an automatic document feeder (ADF).

Abstract: A scanner is disclosed. The scanner has a background pattern that is captured as part of the scanned image. The scanner may be a flatbed scanner, a sheet-feed scanner, or a flatbed scanner using an automatic document feeder (ADF).

Abstract: An optical system, used for scanning, forms an image using reflective optical surfaces. The system may be telecentric, and may form an image that is reduced in size as compared with the scanned original. Several image-forming optical channels may be combined to form a page-wide scanning array.

Abstract: An optical system, used for scanning, forms an image using reflective optical surfaces. The system may be telecentric, and may form an image that is reduced in size as compared with the scanned original. Several image-forming optical channels may be combined to form a page-wide scanning array.

Abstract: An optical system, used for scanning, forms an image using reflective optical surfaces. The system may be telecentric, and may form an image that is reduced in size as compared with the scanned original. Several image-forming optical channels may be combined to form a page-wide scanning array.

Abstract: A screen-printed reflector reflectively redirects light from a scanner bulb in a substantially uniform illumination pattern across a desired scan area of a document to be scanned. A middle or central portion of the reflector is printed with a non-reflective pattern, while the end portions of the reflector are composed of highly reflective polyester textured matte that in combination with the non-reflective pattern substantially equalizes the illumination across the desired scan area of the document being scanned. The manner of using and constructing the screen printed reflector, provides a fast and efficient method for tuning a light distribution profile to provide a sufficient light reflective pattern that compensates for non-uniform light distribution patterns produced by scanner bulbs.