Abstract: Colloidal compositions and methods of preparing same are provided. The colloidal compositions include a silicate and a metal dispersed therein. The colloidal compositions can further include a stabilizer, such as a quaternary amine, to enhance the and dispersion of the metal loading within the silicate. The colloidal compositions can be made such that the metal is dispersed within the silicate in a controlled manner.

Abstract: Colloidal compositions and methods of preparing same are provided. The colloidal compositions include a silicate and a metal dispersed therein. The colloidal compositions can further include a stabilizer, such as a quaternary amine, to enhance the and dispersion of the metal loading within the silicate. The colloidal compositions can be made such that the metal is dispersed within the silicate in a controlled manner.

Abstract: Colloidal silica having a controllable broad particle size distribution and a controllable minimum particle size is disclosed and claimed. Particles below a predetermined size are excluded from the product colloidal silica of the invention. A method for continuously producing the desired colloidal composition is disclosed comprising the steps of providing preformed silica particles having a surface area which controls the particle size of the colloidal silica product, adding a feed silica comprising an alkaline solution and silicate at a feed rate which is less than a nucleation rate.

Abstract: Colloidal silica having a controllable broad particle size distribution and a controllable minimum particle size is disclosed and claimed. Particles below a predetermined size are excluded from the product colloidal silica of the invention. A method for continuously producing the desired colloidal composition is disclosed comprising the steps of providing preformed silica particles having a surface area which controls the particle size of the colloidal silica product, adding a feed silica comprising an alkaline solution and silicate at a feed rate which is less than a nucleation rate.

Abstract: A stable aquasol comprising colloidal silica having a surface area of from about 700 m2/g to about 1100 m2/g, and an S- value of from about 20 to about 50; wherein said colloidal silica is not surface treated; wherein the molar ratio of SiO2/Na2O in said colloidal silica is greater than about 13.0:1 and is less than about 17.0:1; and wherein said aquasols have a percent by weight SiO2 solids level of from about 7.00 percent to about 16.80 percent is described and claimed.

Abstract: A stable aquasol containing colloidal silica having a surface area of from about 700 m2/g to about 1100 m2/g, and an S-value of from about 20 to about 50; wherein the colloidal silica is not surface treated; wherein the molar ratio of SiO2/Na2O in the colloidal silica is greater than about 13.0:1 and is less than about 17.0:1; and wherein the aquasols have a percent by weight SiO2 solids level of from about 7.00 percent to about 16.80 percent is described and claimed.

Abstract: Disclosed are stable, aqueous colloidal silicas having surface area of greater than 700 m2/g and S-values of from 20-50. These colloidal silicas do not require treatment with surface treatment agents such as aluminum to achieve stability. These colloidal silica aquasols can be produced and stored at concentrations of greater than 7 percent by weight SiO2 solids, and even as high as 15 percent by weight solids or higher, and remain stable at room temperature for at least 30 days compared to art-known silica aquasols. These colloidal silica sols demonstrate advantageously improved performance over art-known colloidal silica sots in applications such as in drainage and retention in papermaking processes. Also disclosed are processes for making aqueous colloidal silicas of the invention and the use of such colloidal silicas in papermaking processes.

Abstract: An improved method of stripping flavorful essential volatiles from a substrate, such as coffee or tea, which comprises contacting a uniform admixture of finely ground ice and the substrate in a suitable vessel with a stream of water vapor and thereby melting said ice, uniformly wetting said substrate and stripping said essential volatiles from said substrate; and collecting said volatiles in a cold trap.