Abstract: A field gradient motor with a stator solenoid coil, a stator solenoid coil retained by a stator solenoid coil housing, a shaft rotatably retained in proximity to the stator solenoid coil, and a rotor retained relative to the shaft. The rotor has a plurality of iron disks retained by the shaft, and the stator solenoid coil, the plurality of iron disks, and the shaft cooperate to produce an axial closed toroidal B-field in a surrounding volume of air and an electromagnetic action of the motor. Radial notches with 45 degree equilateral triangular cross sections communicate radially on first and second faces of each disk. Where the notches are 360/N degrees wide, they can be 360/N degrees deep.

Abstract: A field gradient motor with a stator solenoid coil, a stator solenoid coil retained by a stator solenoid coil housing, a shaft rotatably retained in proximity to the stator solenoid coil, and a rotor retained relative to the shaft. The rotor comprises a plurality of iron disks retained by the shaft, and the stator solenoid coil, the plurality of iron disks, and the shaft cooperate to produce an axial closed toroidal B-field in a surrounding volume of air and an electromagnetic action of the motor. Radial notches with 45 degree equilateral triangular cross sections communicate radially on first and second faces of each disk. Where the notches are 360/N degrees wide, they can be 360/N degrees deep.

Abstract: A field gradient motor with a stator housing and first and second stator disks fixed to the stator housing for turning B-field flux lines 90 degrees toward a motor air gap of the field gradient motor. A shaft is rotatably retained by the housing, and a rotor has a hole and keyway for producing a nonferrous hole through the shaft. A plurality of tangentially magnetized triangular magnets are fixed to the rotor. In operation, the stator housing, the stator disks, the rotor, the permanent magnets, and the shaft cooperate with the coil produce an electromagnetic action of the motor. The stator housing can be an iron ring, and the first and second stator disks and the rotor can be steel.

Abstract: A field gradient motor with a stator housing and first and second stator disks fixed to the stator housing for turning B-field flux lines 90 degrees toward a motor air gap of the field gradient motor. A shaft is rotatably retained by the housing, and a rotor has a hole and keyway for producing a nonferrous hole through the shaft. A plurality of tangentially magnetized triangular magnets are fixed to the rotor. In operation, the stator housing, the stator disks, the rotor, the permanent magnets, and the shaft cooperate with the coil produce an electromagnetic action of the motor. The stator housing can be an iron ring, and the first and second stator disks and the rotor can be steel.

Abstract: The ram tube of this invention basically consists of an intake bracket, inner tube, output bracket, outer tube, input port and output port. The intake and output brackets are attached to the ends of the inner tube for attaching the ram tube to the base of a carburetor and the intake to an intake manifold of an internal combustion engine. The outer tube is installed over and surrounds the inner tube to create a passage between the inner and outer tubes. Exhaust is directed from the exhaust manifold of the engine to an input port on the outer tube. The exhaust passes through the passage and exits through the output port. The exhaust heats the inner tube to in turn heat the air/fuel mixture passing through the inner tube. The fuel is completely vaporized and placed in a dry vapor condition as it passes through the heated inner tube. The fuel entering the combustion chamber in a dry vapor condition burns more completely, at a higher temperature and at a faster rate to provide a higher efficiency engine.