Abstract: A substantially dust-free, inert absorbent derived from clay is described. Raw clay having strong surface acidity sites is combined with a metal salt, then heat treated to produce vitrified clay granules suitable as a carrier for labile chemical or biological materials.

Abstract: A sulfuric acid-containing clay-based litter product useful in the control of ammonia generated by decaying excrement in poorly ventilated poultry brooding houses is provided. Raw clay is contacted with sulfuric acid to produce an acidulated clay which is then applied to the poultry brooding house floor in an amount sufficient to provide from about 0.0175 pounds of sulfuric acid to about 0.0875 pounds of sulfuric acid per square foot of poultry brooding house floor.

Abstract: A three step process for regenerating spent bleaching clays and acid-activated smectite catalyst granules includes: (1) an extraction step to remove a majority of entrained oil, preferably about 75% to about 95% by weight of the entrained oil, when regenerating bleaching clays; (2) an oxidation step to remove the majority of remaining carbonaceous adsorbates which are not removed by the preceding extraction step, and (3) an acid wash step to restore the acidity normally associated with fresh acid-activated bleaching clays. The features of steps 2 and 3 may be combined into a single step by using an appropriate oxidant, for example, a source of acidic protons, such as peracetic acid.

Abstract: A three step process for regenerating spent bleaching clays and acid-activated smectite catalyst granules includes: (1) an extraction step to remove a majority of entrained oil, preferably about 75% to about 95% by weight of the entrained oil, when regenerating bleaching clays; (2) an oxidation step to remove the majority of remaining carbonaceous adsorbates which are not removed by the preceding extraction step, and (3) an acid wash step to restore the acidity normally associated with fresh acid-activated bleaching clays. The features of steps 2 and 3 may be combined into a single step by using an appropriate oxidant, for example, a source of acidic protons, such as peracetic acid.

Abstract: A dispensing container for containing a roll of sheet material and dispensing sheets from the roll is disclosed. The dispensing container includes a container body with integrally formed front, rear, bottom and side walls and an open top. A top cover is flexibly connected to the rear wall of the container body and is movable between an open and a substantially closed position. The cover is biased in a substantially closed position adjacent the top of the container body for maintaining the roll of sheet material in the container body. Serrations are integrally formed in the container body for cutting sheet material dispensed from the container.

Abstract: A correlation is established between aflatoxin B1 binding on raw montmorillonite clays and the ratio of their surface acidities divided by their porosities for surface acid sites whose pKa values fall in the range 5.0-6.8 (i.e. weakly acidic) and porosities for pores whose diameters fall in the region 50-600 A. This information provides a method for preselecting clay additives for animal feeds which have enhanced toxin binding capacity.

Abstract: A dry solid animal feed composition in which biodegradable feed is contaminated with a mycotoxin and is admixed with a mycotoxin inactivating agent comprising particles of a phyllosilicate mineral capable of inactivating mycotoxins, said particles being coated with a sequestering agent in an amount sufficient to enhance the mycotoxin inactivating capacity of said phyllosilicate.

Abstract: A process for making acid-activated bleaching earth from certain naturally occurring mixtures of calcium bentonite and attapulgite clay. The process involves treating such clay with low levels of activating acid which are mixed with the dried and ground clay, or spray dried from slurries containing the clay-acid mixture. Advantages include: lower acid costs/unit mass of clay treated, lower production costs (no washing, filtering, or waste treatment steps) and environmental soundness (no harmful environmental waste products are produced).

Abstract: A process for making acid-activated bleaching earth from a crude attapulgite clay. A crude is selected which is mildly acidic and contains at least about 90% attapulgite. The process involves treating such clay with low levels of activating acid which are mixed with the dried and ground clay, or spray dried from slurries containing the clay-acid mixture. Advantages include: lower acid costs/unit mass of clay treated, lower production costs (no washing, filtering, or waste treatment steps) and environmental soundness (no harmful environmental waste products are produced).

Abstract: An ergonomically designed check-out counter system for supermarket and merchandising industries is characterized by provisions for differences in human heights, hand and position of operators and for ease in handling of merchandise to reduce fatigue and injury to the operators while providing maximum productivity under both light and heavy through put requirements.

Abstract: Used frying oils are regenerated and made suitable for reuse by treating the used oils with a composition consisting of a mixture of activated clay or magnesium silicate with a gel-derived alumina. The treating composition contains from about 15% by weight to about 75% by weight gel-derived alumina, balance activated clay or magnesium silicate. Treatment with the composition significantly reduces the free fatty acid content of the used oil with simultaneous improvement in color and other important properties thus resulting in a purified oil of substantially extended service life.

Abstract: Used frying oils are regenerated and made suitable for reuse by treating the used oils with a composition consisting of a mixture of activated clay or magnesium silicate with a gel-derived alumina. The treating composition contains from about 15% by weight to about 75% by weight gel-derived alumina, balance activated clay or magnesium silicate. Treatment with the composition significantly reduces the free fatty acid content of the used oil with simultaneous improvement in color and other important properties thus resulting in a purified oil of substantially extended service life.

Abstract: A composition useful for the adsorptive bleaching of edible oils, particularly of vegetable oils, is disclosed. The composition consists essentially of a major portion of bleaching clay and a minor portion of an alumino-silicate zeolite preferably of the faujasite-type structure. The zeolite used has its base exchange sites occupied by alkaline earth metal and/or transition metal cations, wherein the transition metal cations employed exclude those of the Group VIII metals. Preferably, the zeolite is a calcium-, magnesium-, or lanthanum-exchanged Y-zeolite. The presence of the zeolite in the bleaching composition significantly improves the removal of free fatty acids from the oil while permitting simultaneous removal of color impurities.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improvement in the production of zeolites, particularly, zeolites of the faujasite type, employing clay based seeds derived from natural halloysite.

Abstract: Dioximinocycloalkanones are prepared by reacting nitrosyl chloride with an enamine with sequential hydrolysis of the reaction product.

Abstract: Chemical processing of normal-paraffin hydrocarbons may be carried out with increased selectivity by use of a normal-paraffin hydrocarbon reactant which is adsorbed on the surface of a solid adsorbent such as diatomaceous earth prior to treatment in a free-radial (eg photochemically) initiated reaction.