Abstract: An improved atomizer removes deposits from the end cap. The atomizer housing carries a flow of atomizing slurry. A spraying head is connected at one end of the housing and an end cap is connected to the spraying head. A plurality of exit orifices are provided in the end cap for discharging atomized slurry into a flue gas. A connecting ring is detachably engaged with the end cap and has a elastomeric diaphragm for covering an outer surface of the end cap. Energizing fluid is provided through the sprayer head and end cap for expanding the diaphragm away from the end cap surface for releasing particles which adhere to the diaphragm.

Abstract: A dual-fluid low pressure drop atomizer utilizes extended wear life material and comprises a nozzle head having a secondary mix chamber therein for receiving a mixture of a first compressible fluid and a second fluid containing solids from a primary mix chamber. The nozzle head also has an orifice therein communicating with and adjacent to the secondary mix chamber for discharging a jet of the mixture. The orifice and the secondary mix chamber form an approximate right angle therebetween. An inner barrel is connected to the nozzle head at the primary mix chamber and supplies the first fluid to the nozzle head. An outer barrel is arranged around the inner barrel creating an annulus therebetween and is also connected to the nozzle head for supplying the second fluid to the nozzle head. Wear resistant material provided in the primary and secondary mix chambers reduces erosion within the atomizer head.

Abstract: A system for treating a flue gas includes a first condensing heat exchanger located in the housing for removing heat from flue gas as the flue gas is downwardly passed therethrough. A first collection tank is located in the housing below the first heat exchanger for collecting liquid and particulate. A second heat exchanger is located in the housing for condensibly removing pollutants from the flue gas as the flue gas is upwardly passed through the second heat exchanger. A second collection tank is located in the housing below the second heat exchanger for collecting liquid and particulate.

Abstract: A method of forced oxidation flue gas desulfurization uses an oxidation air system air stream to not only provide oxidation air into an absorber vessel, but also to pneumatically convey and inject dry reagent into the absorber vessel to satisfy reagent addition requirements. If necessary, other dry additives can be added to the dry reagent so that the oxidation air stream injects both the dry reagent and the dry additives into the absorber vessel. The dry additives can be added in this method even if the reagent is introduced by other known methods.

Abstract: A method of wet flue gas desulfurization of combustion gases that incorporates both calcium scrubbing with forced oxidation and ammonia scrubbing of the gas in a scrubber tower. The end product or result from such a process is gypsum and ammonia sulfate which may be used in agriculture.

Abstract: A two-stage downflow flue gas treatment condensing heat exchanger system allows for flue gas to be passed into a two-stage housing at an upper end of the housing. The flue gas is channeled through a first stage of the housing having a first condensing heat exchanger which cools the flue gas. The flue gas is then channeled through a second stage having a second condensing heat exchanger which is located directly beneath the first stage and the first condensing heat exchanger for further cooling the flue gas. The flue gas travels in a downward direction only through the housing and exits the housing at the lower end of the housing beneath the second stage. A collection tank is located beneath the second stage of the housing for collecting liquids, condensate, particulate and reaction product.

Abstract: A method of forced oxidation flue gas desulfurization uses an oxidation air system air stream to not only provide oxidation air into an absorber vessel, but also to pneumatically convey and inject dry reagent into the absorber vessel to satisfy reagent addition requirements. If necessary, other dry additives can be added to the dry reagent so that the oxidation air stream injects both the dry reagent and the dry additives into the absorber vessel.

Abstract: A combined regenerative scrubber and condensing heat exchanger system comprises a housing having an inlet and an outlet for channeling flue gas into and out of the housing. A first heat exchanger is located in the housing for contacting a downward flow of the flue gas for providing an initial cooling of the flue gas. The flue gas is channeled through a second heat exchanger in an upward direction for providing a further cooling of the flue gas. A reagent scrubbing spray device is used to spray reagent into the flue gas as well as onto the second heat exchanger for removing SO.sub.2 from the flue gas and for cleaning the second heat exchanger. A regeneration device is used to regenerate reagent from the reaction product as well as to recover SO.sub.2 from the reaction product.

Abstract: A method for cleaning a flue gas containing flyash, sulfur dioxide and other contaminants includes providing a slurry source having a slurry of primarily water, magnesium sulfite and magnesium hydroxide along with small quantities of magnesium sulfate and magnesium chloride. The flyash is first removed from the flue gas and the flue gas is sprayed with the slurry for forming reaction products in the flue gas. The reaction products are then collected from the flue gas and a first portion of the reaction products is provided to the slurry source. A remaining portion of the reaction products is heated for decomposing into sulfur dioxide and magnesium oxide. The magnesium oxide is then provided to the slurry source. Magnesium sulfate and magnesium chloride are purged from the slurry source.

Abstract: An improved apparatus and method for spraying a liquid into a flue gas provides a boundary layer of gas along a perimeter of a dry scrubber housing to prevent deposition of wet material on the sidewalls thereof. The boundary layer of gas includes the use of heated air, particulate free flue gas, and/or dust laden flue gas. The system is operated at/or near the saturation temperature to further increase removal efficiencies and reagent utilization.

Abstract: A flue gas desulfurization process wherein the liquid bottoms product from the scrubber tower is subject to forced oxidation in a reaction/oxidation tank. Afterwards, this oxidized bottoms product is delivered to hydroclone means for separation into an overflow stream containing an aqueous slurry of mostly fines, fly ash, and unused reagent and an underflow stream containing predominately a gypsum slurry. The overflow stream is initially recycled back to the tank with another stream being subsequently returned or recycled back to the scrubber tower while the underflow stream is dewatered for the removal of the gypsum therein.

Abstract: A method of saturating and humidifying the incoming flue gas of a flue gas desulfurization process without the need for underspray headers or the like. Initial humidification occurs by passing the incoming flue gas through a continuous liquid curtain of recycled bottoms product falling from an awning over the flue gas inlet. Further saturation and humidification occurs by causing recycled bottoms product to fall or rain from an overhead tray or grid onto the flue gas prior to passing through the tray or grid. In order to accomplish such humidification, there is an unobstructed passageway between the flue gas inlet and the lowermost tray or grid.

Abstract: An atomizer used in boilers, furnaces, downstream contaminant removal processes and the like, to atomize the oil/liquid/slurry product being sprayed into such enclosures. This particular atomizer is configured with individual openings around each exit orifice in the atomizer such that a shield gas (normally air) in communication with these openings, is ejected from the atomizer fully surrounding the spray emitted from each exit orifice.

Abstract: A regenerable flue gas desulfurization system whose end product is preferably a commercial quality gypsum (such as for use in wallboard or the like) or other product easily landfilled. Accordingly, sulfur containing flue gas is passed through an absorber where it is sprayed with a solution so as to initiate certain chemical reactions thereby stripping it of sulfur. Any alkali in this sulfur-containing solution is recovered and returned to the absorber with the remainder of this solution being oxidized in an oxidation/recirculation tank. The slurry from this tank may be recycled to a pre-absorber for chlorine removal if desired, otherwise, a portion of this slurry is sent for the recovery of gypsum.

Abstract: An integrated jet scrubber and particulate collection device for removing sulfur oxides and other contaminants from combustion flue gas and also for removing particulates from this gas, such operations occurring in a single, integrated unit or assembly. In some instances, this combination device may be located in the lower portion of a chimney or stack.

Abstract: A gas-liquid contact system for absorption of gaseous contaminants in an absorptive liquid where contact is attained by a controlled flow relationship between the gas and the liquid forming a fluidized liquid mass for intimate contact between the two.

Abstract: An integrated dry scrubber and particulate collection device for removing sulfur oxides and other contaminants from combustion flue gas and also for removing particulates from this gas, such operations occurring in a single, integrated unit or assembly. In some instances, this combination device may be located in the lower portion of a chimney or stack.

Abstract: A vertical, co-current dry scrubber comprises a housing having a waste gas inlet and a treated gas outlet. A plurality of airfoil mounted atomizers extend across the interior of the housing for discharging slurry into the gas stream for treatment of the gas. The use of airfoil mounted atomizers reduces pressure drop across the chamber.

Abstract: This invention pertains to a single spray level within a flue gas desulfurization absorber tower. This spray level incorporates multiple headers with each header having a plurality of feeder lines connected thereto. These feeder lines extend within the flue gas flow path in an alternating and staggered configuration within the same plane. A series of nozzles are secured to each feeder line to spray a mixture onto the flue gas. Spare capacity, if required, is incorporated into the spray level.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for operating a limestone wet scrubbing flue gas desulfurization apparatus comprises first and second pH measuring devices connected respectively to a recirculation line in the scrubber and above the liquid holdup tray in the scrubber. The difference in the pH values measured at these two locations in the system is used to adjust the amount of air supplied to the sump or reaction tank of the scrubber to maximize oxidation in the scrubber and to avoid wasted airflow.