Abstract: Compounds, tautomers and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds are disclosed, wherein the compounds have the structure of Formula Ia, as defined in the specification. In an embodiment, a pharmaceutical composition can be in a liquid dosage form and can comprise a therapeutically effective amount of the compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an adjuvant and a therapeutic agent. In another embodiment, a method of adjuvant treating a disorder or condition can comprising administering the pharmaceutical composition to a patient.

Abstract: The present invention describes a processes, systems, and catalysts for the utilization of carbon dioxide into high quality synthesis gas that can then be used to produce fuels (e.g., diesel fuel) and chemicals. In one aspect, the present invention provides a process for the conversion of a feed gas comprising carbon dioxide and hydrogen to a product gas comprising carbon monoxide and water.

Abstract: The present invention describes a processes, systems, and catalysts for the conversion of carbon dioxide and water and electricity into low carbon or zero carbon high quality fuels and chemicals. In one aspect, the present invention provides an integrated process for the conversion of a feed stream comprising carbon dioxide to a product stream comprising hydrocarbons between 5 and 24 carbon atoms in length.

Abstract: A method for reducing gas pressure at or nearby a wellhead, the method for comprising the steps of Providing an intake for high pressure natural; Conveying the high pressure natural gas to a motion creating element; Utilizing the motion creating element to reduce the pressure of the natural gas; Communicating the turning motion into a power generating element; whereby the high pressure gas leaves the motion creating element having less pressure than when it was conveyed to the motion creating element.

Abstract: The disclosure provides compounds of the formula I and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. The variables, e.g. R1, R2, R3, R4, A, B, J, V, W, M, J and Ar are defined herein. The disclosure also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound or salt of formula I and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, methods of inhibiting dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) in vitro or in vivo with a compound or salt of formula I, and methods of treating a bacterial infections, fungal infections, and protozoal infections with a compound or salt of formula I. A compound or salt of formula I can be the first and only active ingredient used in a pharmaceutical composition or method of this disclosure or may be combined with one or more additional active ingredients that are not compounds or salts of formula I.

Abstract: The disclosure provides compounds of the formula I and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. The variables, e.g. R1, R2, R3, R4, A, B, J, V, W, M, J and Ar are defined herein. The disclosure also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound or salt of formula I and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, methods of inhibiting dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) in vitro or in vivo with a compound or salt of formula I, and methods of treating a bacterial infections, fungal infections, and protozoal infections with a compound or salt of formula I. A compound or salt of formula I can be the first and only active ingredient used in a pharmaceutical composition or method of this disclosure or may be combined with one or more additional active ingredients that are not compounds or salts of formula I.

Abstract: Compounds useful for promoting lysosomal processes and thereby ameliorating the disruption of cellular and functional integrity induced by A? and other protein and glycoconjugate species are provided. Methods for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases that involve protein accumulation and aggregation in the brain, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's Disease, are also provided.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are the compositions and methods for a compound of Formula Ia or Ib.

Abstract: A method immobilizing molecules on the surface of a semiconductor oxide substrate by forming stable bonds with hydrazine bound to the surface is disclosed. Also disclosed is a FET sensor for sensing target molecules in a solution. The FET is modified with molecular probes immobilized on the sensor surface via hydrazone bonds. The immobilized molecular probes are available to bind target molecules present in a solution and the FET will respond to the binding event.

Abstract: A rail brace assembly for bracing a rail with respect to a tie plate. The rail brace assembly includes a brace member, a locking member, a retention member and a spring clip fastener. The brace member has a top surface adapted to engage a head fishing surface of the rail, a bottom surface adapted to engage a base fishing surface of the rail, a front friction surface and an outwardly extending toe. The retention member is adapted to be attached to the tie plate and includes a bore adapted to receive a first end of the fastener and a recess adapted to receive the toe of the brace member to thereby prevent vertical movement of the brace member and the rail. The locking member has a front surface, a rear friction surface adapted to engage the front friction surface of the brace member, and a pair of spaced apart outwardly extending legs which straddle the retention member.

Abstract: A direct assay for cholesterol esterase is provided wherein the assay reagent comprises a tetrazolium salt, a cholesterol ester an exogenous electron carrier to create an assay sample. In one embodiment the reagent is mixed with a test sample and the presence of cholesterol esterase is detected by an optical response. In a second embodiment, the reagent is mixed with a test sample and the optical response is quantitated by comparison with standards to determine the cholesterol esterase activity in the test sample. Kits are also provided which comprise the reagent components.

Abstract: A direct assay for chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) has been presented wherein the assay reagent comprises chloramphenicol, an acyl CoA compound, and a tetrazolium salt, and wherein the reagent does not have any added coupling redox enzymes. In one embodiment, the reagent is mixed with the test sample and the presence of CAT is detected by an optical response. In a second embodiment, the reagent is mixed with a test sample containing CAT and the optical response is quantitated by comparison with standards to measure CAT activity in the test sample. In another embodiment, an exogenous electron carrier such as phenazines may be used to enhance the detection of CAT. The assay for the presence or activity of CAT can be used in a high-throughput screening assay or to detect CAT as a reporter gene for measuring the expression of a gene of interest. Kits containing the reagents are also provided.

Abstract: A non-radioactive method of detecting the enzymes beta galactosidase or beta glucosidase directly or for the detection of a ligand and antiligand complex is provided wherein beta galactosidase or the complex labelled with beta galactosidase or a tracer having beta galactosidase conjugated thereto is reacted with 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-B-D-galactoside and a tetrazolium salt to produce a colored formazan or a color change indicative of the presence of beta galactosidase, or wherein beta glucosidase or the complex labelled with the beta glucosidase or a tracer having beta glucosidase conjugated thereto is reacted with 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-B-D-glucoside and a tetrazolium salt to produce a colored formazan or a color change indicative of the presence of beta glucosidase. Optionally, the galactosidase-galactoside determination or the glucosidase-glucoside determination may further include catalyst phenazine methosulfate (PMS) as a reactant.

Abstract: A non-radioactive method of detecting a ligand and antiligand complex labelled with alkaline phosphatase or a tracer having alkaline phosphatase conjugated thereto comprises reacting the complex with bromo-chloro-indolyl phosphate (BCIP), phenazine methosulfate (PMS) and dimethylthiazol diphenyl tetrazolium (MTT) and allowing the reaction to proceed to produce a colored formazan or a color change indicative of the presence of the labelled complex. A solution or composition of bromo-chloro-indolyl phosphate (BCIP), phenazine methosulfate (PMS) and dimethylthiazol diphenyl tetrazolium (MTT), as well as a test kit including the same, is also provided for carrying out the chromogenic method of detection.

Abstract: A filtering assembly for an air intake duct for a turbine device for normally removing particulate matter entrained in the air being introduced to the turbine device through the air duct. The improved filtering assembly comprises a filter element for removing particulate matter entrained in air passing therethrough which is mounted in the air duct so that at least a section of the filter element is movable between a filtering position and bypass position. More particularly, the filter element is mounted in the air duct so that when it is in the filtering position, substantially all of the air passing through the air duct passes through the filter element and so that when it is in the bypass position, a substantial amount of the air passing through the air duct bypasses the filter. A suitable sensing device is provided for sensing the pressure differential of the air across the filter element in the air duct and a clamping device is provided which normally clamps the filter element in the filtering position.

Abstract: In a knitting machine the needle beds and yarn feeders circulate relative to one another. This normally produces a tubular fabric. In order to leave a gap in the tube, a zone of each needle bed is arranged as a non-knit zone. To save yarn the yarns are not normally allowed to float across the gap, but are severed and trapped. To hold the edges straight, periodic yarns are allowed to float across the gap.

Abstract: A circular knitting machine is described in which two devices for temporarily trapping cut fringe yarns are mounted on the needle cylinder, respectively immediately following the last needle to knit and immediately preceding the first needle to knit. Each trapping device has a radially movable yarn gripping jaw urged into contact with a fixed jaw by resilient means. A cam-operated mechanism temporarily moves the movable jaw out of contact with the fixed jaw against the action of the resilient means in order to allow insertion of a fringe yarn between the jaws and release of a fringe yarn from the jaws.