Abstract: A method for inviting a challenged entity to provide input concerning a sinograph includes displaying, to the challenged entity, a first region having an image of a challenge sinograph; displaying at least a first event-sensitive region, the first event-sensitive region having an image of a real root of the challenge sinograph; and displaying at least a second event-sensitive region. The second event sensitive region has an image of a faux root of the challenge sinograph.

Abstract: The light bulb contains a transparent body member and a contact member at an end of the body member that could be screwed into a conventional light bulb socket for establishing electrical connections. Inside the transparent member, there are a number of circuit boards, each having a circular end and a rectangular body. Around the circumference of a side of the circular end, a number of LEDs are provided at appropriate spacing to project light towards various centrifugal directions, respectively. The circuit boards intersect with each other along a vertical direction so as to form a cross shape, a star shape, or a similar, radiating-from-a-center shape.

Abstract: The lighting device contains a bridge circuit composed of four diodes. One of the output terminals of an AC source is connected to one of the input terminals of the bridge circuit via a first capacitor for current limiting and stabilization. The other input terminal of the AC source is connected to the other input terminal of the bridge circuit. A second capacitor is connected between the two output terminals of the bridge circuit for filtering ripples. A number of series-connected light emitting diodes are also connected between the two output terminals of the bridge circuit in a forward-biased manner. The major characteristic of the light device lies in the selection of the first capacitor which provides simple yet effective current limiting and stabilization.

Abstract: The light bulb contains a transparent body member and a contact member at an end of the body member that could be screwed into a conventional light bulb socket for establishing electrical connections. The light bulb also contains at least a disc and a supporting pole. A number of LEDs are back-to-back configured along the circumference of each disc with appropriate distance therebetween. The discs are threaded by the supporting pole with appropriate spacing therebetween. Each disc also contains a circuit for driving the LEDs that is connected to the contact member's electrical connections via an appropriate conduction mechanism in the supporting pole.

Abstract: A base plate for a light emitting diode chip mainly including a base plate pressed and laminated with a circuit board is characterized that the base plate is made of an aluminum or copper plate; a printed circuit layer is disposed on the surface of the circuit board fixedly pressed on the base plate; at least one concave cup is disposed in the proper area on the surface of the circuit board; the concave cup penetrates from the printed circuit layer to the base plate. When applying the abovementioned assembly, it is necessary to fix a light emitting diode inside the concave cup; traces connect the light emitting diode chip to the printed circuit layer on the surface of the circuit board and are sealed firmly by a transparent adhesive. When the light emitting diode chip illuminates, the heat generated therefrom transmits directly from the bottom side of the concave cup to the base plate for dissipation.

Abstract: A light emitting diode (LED) element includes a LED chip disposed on a base plate and connecting with an electrode circuit thereon via a gold wire; the LED chip is covered by a protective resin lid with fluorescer; the present invention is characterized that a colored lens is disposed on the LED chip sealed by resin with fluorescer; the colored lens is made of polycarbonate and molded through injection by mixing and adding a slight amount of ultra-violet absorbent, golden yellow chromogen, green chromogen, golden red chromogen and blue chromogen; the abovementioned combination changes the light ray generated by the LED chip into a light source with a color temperature at 2000˜5000° K.