Abstract: A method of treating fluids to induce coagulation of particles comprises subjecting the fluid to the influence of a repulsive magnetic field, that is a magnetic field generated between opposed like magnetic poles as distinct from a magnetic field generated between North and South poles. Preferably oligo-dynamic particles of mineral or other substances are introduced into the fluid before, during or after magnetic treatment. The preferred method of particle introduction is by sacrificial anode incorporated in an electrical circuit with a cathode and the fluid as an electrolyte. The invention may be applied to the treatment of hard water to prevent or reduce deposition of scale and in the treatment of swimming pool water to eliminate bacteria and/or control formation of algae. A variety of other uses in relation to both liquids and gases are described.

Abstract: A device for countering the deposition of hard water scale comprises a cathode and an anode defining a passage for water passing through the device and connected in an electrical circuit including the water as an electrolyte. The anode is a sacrificial anode which releases salt particles and ions into the water during operation of the device. At least a substantial proportion of such particles and ions are non-adherent to the anode, and thereby form sites for crystal formation in the water and reduce deposition of scale. An external electrical potential may be applied across the circuit to cause an externally generated current to pass through the device. Means may be provided for generating a magnetic field downstream of the anode and cathode.