Abstract: A method of producing graphene sheets comprising the steps of, (a) forming a carbonaceous powder by electrochemical erosion of a graphite electrode in a molten salt comprising hydrogen ions, (b) recovering the resulting carbonaceous powder from the molten salt liquid, and (c) thermally treating the carbonaceous powder by heating the carbonaceous powder in a non-oxidising atmosphere to produce a thermally treated powder comprising graphene sheets.

Abstract: A method of producing graphene sheets comprising the steps of, (a) forming a carbonaceous powder by electrochemical erosion of a graphite electrode in a molten salt comprising hydrogen ions, (b) recovering the resulting carbonaceous powder from the molten salt liquid, and (c) thermally treating the carbonaceous powder by heating the carbonaceous powder in a non-oxidising atmosphere to produce a thermally treated powder comprising graphene sheets.

Abstract: A method of producing graphene sheets comprising the steps of, forming a carbonaceous powder by electrochemical erosion of a graphite electrode in a molten salt comprising hydrogen ions, recovering the resulting carbonaceous powder from the molten salt liquid, and thermally treating the carbonaceous powder by heating the carbonaceous powder in a non-oxidising atmosphere to produce a thermally treated powder comprising graphene sheets. The method allows high production rates of high purity graphene sheets.

Abstract: A method of producing graphene sheets comprising the steps of, forming a carbonaceous powder by electrochemical erosion of a graphite electrode in a molten salt comprising hydrogen ions, recovering the resulting carbonaceous powder from the molten salt liquid, and thermally treating the carbonaceous powder by heating the carbonaceous powder in a non-oxidising atmosphere to produce a thermally treated powder comprising graphene sheets. The method allows high production rates of high purity graphene sheets.

Abstract: A hyperbaric dressing has a fluid impermeable sheet and a fluid permeable layer with a sheet of porous material positioned between these two layers with passageways to permit fluid to flow out of the dressing.

Abstract: A hyperbaric dressing (1) comprising first and second layers (2, 7) and delivery means (9) arranged to supply a fluid to the first layer (2), wherein the first layer (2) is associated with the second layer (7) to allow the fluid to flow in one direction through the second layer (7) and to allow another fluid to flow in the opposite direction through the second and first layers (7, 2).

Abstract: The subject invention pertains to methods for processing a solid material (M1X) comprising a solid solution of a non-metal species (X) in a metal or semi-metal (M1) or a compound between the non-metal species and the metal or semi-metal is immersed in a molten salt (M2Y). A cathodic potential is applied to the material to remove a portion of the non-metal species by electro-deoxidation. To remove the non-metal species at lower concentrations, a source of a reactive metal (M3) is immersed in the molten salt and is electronically connected to the material. Reactions occur at the material, where the non-metal species dissolves in the salt, and at the reactive metal, which reacts with the non-metal species dissolved in the salt to form a reaction product more stable than a compound between the non-metal species and the metal or semi-metal (M1). The non-metal species is thus removed from the solid material.

Abstract: An apparatus and methods are provided for the accurate determination of hydrogen content in fluid media at elevated temperatures. The apparatus consists of a proton conducting solid electrolyte in contact with an internal metal/hydrogen reference standard, in which the electrolyte and the reference material are in a chemically stable contact. The electrical signal generated is a function of the hydrogen concentration on the measuring side.

Abstract: Methods of enhancing the segregation roast through the use of microwave radiation and chloride ions are disclosed. The processes provide means of recovering metals trapped in ores and slags by reaction of these materials with carbon, chloride and water using microwave radiation as the primary energy source. The metals may be present in starting materials such as metallic sulfides, slags, metallic oxides such as laterites, magnetites, iron oxides, silicates and carbonates. The metals are reduced and can be recovered by separation from the gangue. Water, carbon and chloride can be recycled to the reaction to reduce costs.

Abstract: A perform (28) is slip-cast or pressed from a metal compound or a mixture of metal compounds, sintered in air, vacum, or inert gas, and is electrolytically reduced in a bath (20) of molten salt to form a porous metal or alloy product. The alloy is in the form of a solid, porous sponge. In the bath (20) the salt is in contact with a reservoir (26) of molten infiltration material (24). After completion of the electrolytic reduction the porous product is moved into the infiltration material which fills the pores therein, displacing the salt. The infiltrated product is then solidified for further materials processing.

Abstract: A method is described which allows two hazardous waste products, namely PVC and electric arc furnace dust, both of which have negative commercial value, to be combined to produce an iron oxide suitable for steel making and making pure cadmium lead and zinc and chlorine, all of which can be sold. The heat generated during the exothermic reaction may be used to generate electricity which may be sold or used in plants where the reaction is carded out. The method can also be used for metal scraps.