Abstract: An image analysis system for automated reading of printed multi-character codes, for example on antibiotic susceptibility testing disks, makes use of an orientation means, for example an underline printed beneath the code, to bring the code or its image into canonical alignment with an optimum reading direction for the code. Automated reading of the codes on randomly-orientated AST disks is therefore possible.

Abstract: A method of testing for the growth of bacteria in a sample comprises introducing the sample into a sterile bacterial growth medium in a closed vessel incubating the vessel, and observing a pressure change within the vessel which indicates the growth of bacteria in the sample. A device for doing this comprises a bottle 10 with a pierceable closure 12; and a syringe comprising a cylinder 16 and a piston 18 connected to a hypodermic needle 20 which passes through the closure 12 and preferably extends below the surface of the growth medium in the bottle.

Abstract: A dispenser for antibiotic sensitivity discs which automatically and simultaneously dispenses a plurality of discs onto a flat surface, for example a layer of agar gel in a petri dish. The dispenser comprises a removable magazine unit which carries the required number of standard cartridges, each filled with discs to be dispensed. The discs are in turn removed mechanically from the cartridges from where they are transferred to the surface of the gel by a plurality of pick-up tubes to which a vacuum is applied. The vacuum causes the discs to become attached to the ends of respective tubes so that the discs move with the tubes onto the gel surface, and are pressed onto the gel surface by a pressure equal to the weight of the tubes.

Abstract: A device for providing a non-toxic atmosphere for use in culturing anaerobic micro-organisms comprising: a closed envelope of inert material having a frangible portion which may be ruptured to allow the ingress of liquid; within the envelope a closed sachet, one part of which is formed of a gas- and liquid-permeable membrane; and material disposed within the sachet adjacent to the membrane for reacting with a liquid to generate the desired gaseous atmosphere.