Abstract: The burner comprises a combustion chamber equipped with a flame retention cone. The flame retention cone comprises a diverging jacket with orifices for the passage of oxygen-carrier gas. A fuel lance provided with radially arranged exit openings has its outlet in an upstream inlet section of the flame retention cone. An igniter is arranged in an oxygen-carrier gas duct outside an ignition opening provided in the area of the fuel lance exit openings. The combustion chamber is accommodated inside an outer tube. The downstream ends of the combustion chamber and the outer tube enclose openings spaced, relative to each other, in the circumferential direction to allow the exit of oxygen-carrier gas. The burner provides for flame stability and low-polluting combustion.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the measurement of the properties of fuel gases dependent upon flow and pressure, and more particularly upon the dyanmic viscosity and/or the density of the fuel gases. The apparatus includes a device to control the flow of the fuel gas and at least one flow restrictor in the gasway. The design and the operation of such an apparatus is simplified by the integration of a gas holding device having a capacity which changes in response to the pressure difference between the pressure inside the inner chamber of the device and the ambient pressure. An aneroid capsule element in a line connecting a closeable gas inlet and at least one flow restrictor may be used for this purpose. A time measurement device may be switched on and off as a function of predetermined capacities of the gas holding device.

Abstract: A pre-mixed burner fired at or above atmospheric pressure by a gaseous fuel or a fuel that is liquid at ambient temperature or a liquid fuel completely evaporated prior to combustion comprises a mixer wherein the fuel, combustion air and a cooling fluid are blended prior to combustion downstream of a burner plate. The combustion forms a flame at or near the limit of flame stability. The ionization current which is a characteristic property of each flame is measured by two electrodes which transmit signals to a controller controlling the flow of at least one of the fluids flowing to the mixer by corresponding valve actuation for safe burner operation at or near the limit of flame stability.

Abstract: For determining the ratio in which two constituents are blended in a mixture comprising an oxygen-carrying gas and a gaseous fuel to be combusted by a primary combustion system, the thermodynamic conditions (composition, pressure, temperature) of the two gases prior to and after blending being variable, a secondary combustion system reacting part of the fuel and part of the oxygen-carrying gas is used as a reference combustion chamber. A mixture reproducibly analogous with the mixture burnt by the primary combustion system is used for reaction in the reference combustion chamber. Combustion in the reference combustion chamber is measured to obtain at least one signal for measuring and controlling the ratio between the two constituents of the mixture burnt by the primary combustion system, the reference combustion chamber allowing the rapid, accurate and reliable determination of the ratio between the gaseous fuel and the oxygen-carrying gas contents of the mixture burnt by the primary combustion system.

Abstract: A burner for the operation of premixing burners, with gaseous fuels or vaporized fuels for the production in a mixer pipe of a homogeneous mixture comprising the fuel, the quantity of combustion air required for the complete combustion of the fuel and additional cooling gas as needed for combustion between 1,100.degree. and 1,700.degree. C. This mixture flows to a burner head with a widening cross-section and a burner plate at the wide end where it is burnt at a central main flame bore arranged at the burner plate and several surrounding support flame bores. The flames then pass through a converging burner mouth and a downstream flame guard which protects the flames against the entrance of air or flue gas from the environment, against cooling and against heating until the completion of combustion. The burner mouth and the flame guard are coated by a non-catalytic material.

Abstract: A burner for the operation of premixing burners, with gaseous fuels or vaporized fuels for the production in a mixer pipe of a homogeneous mixture comprising the fuel, the quantity of combustion air required for the complete combustion of the fuel and additional cooling gas as needed for combustion between 1,100.degree. and 1,700.degree. C. This mixture flows to a burner head with a widening cross-section and a burner plate at the wide end where it is burnt at a central main flame bore arranged at the burner plate and several surrounding support flame bores. The flames then pass through a converging burner mouth and a downstream flame guard which protects the flames against the entrance of air or flue gas from the environment, against cooling and against heating until the completion of combustion. The burner mouth and the flame guard are coated by a non-catalytic material.

Abstract: A process for the operation of premixing burners, and a burner for carrying out the process, with gaseous fuels or vaporized fuels for the production in a mixer pipe of a homogeneous mixture comprising the fuel, the quantity of combustion air required for the complete combustion of the fuel and additional cooling gas as needed for combustion between 1,100.degree. and 1,700.degree. C. This mixture flows to a burner head with a widening cross-section and a burner plate at the wide end where it is burnt at a central main flame bore arranged at the burner plate and several surrounding support flame bores. The flames then pass through a converging burner mouth and a downstream flame guard which protects the flames against the entrance of air or flue gas from the environment, against cooling and against heating until the completion of combustion. The burner mouth and the flame guard are coated by a non-catalytic material.