Abstract: Battery system, preferably for a hybrid or electric vehicle, wherein the battery system comprises: one or more battery packs each having one or more cells which are electrically connected and configured to provide a voltage, preferably a high voltage, at a respective battery pack output; and an integration device electrically connected to the battery pack outputs and configured to receive and combine the power of the battery packs, thereby forming a sum power supplied to a sum voltage output of the integration device; where in the integration device comprises a filter device which is configured to protect the battery packs from interferences, for example interferences generated by an electrical component connected to the sum voltage output.

Abstract: Battery system, preferably for a hybrid or electric vehicle, wherein the battery system comprises: one or more battery packs each having one or more cells which are electrically connected and configured to provide a voltage, preferably a high voltage, at a respective battery pack output; and an integration device electrically connected to the battery pack outputs and configured to receive and combine the power of the battery packs, thereby forming a sum power supplied to a sum voltage output of the integration device; where in the integration device comprises a filter device which is configured to protect the battery packs from interferences, for example interferences generated by an electrical component connected to the sum voltage output.

Abstract: An electro-optic Mach-Zehnder modulator includes a first optical waveguide forming a first arm of the Mach-Zehnder modulator, and a second optical waveguide forming a second arm thereof. The first or second optical waveguide includes capacitive segments that are spaced apart from one another, each forming an electrical capacitor. A travelling wave electrode arrangement applies a voltage across the first or second optical waveguide. The travelling wave electrode arrangement includes waveguide electrodes arranged on the capacitive segments , an electrical line extending along a part of the first or second optical waveguide, the electrical line being arranged a distance from the waveguide electrodes, and connecting arrangements, each being assigned to one of the waveguide electrodes.

Abstract: The invention relates to a Mach-Zehnder modulator comprising a first optical waveguide forming a first modulator arm and a second optical waveguide forming a second modulator arm of the Mach-Zehnder modulator, an electrode arrangement comprising a plurality of first waveguide electrodes for applying a voltage across the first optical waveguide and a plurality of second waveguide electrodes for applying a voltage across the second optical waveguide, at least one electrically conductive connecting element generating a short-circuit between at least one of the first waveguide electrodes and at least one of the second waveguide electrodes. The electrode arrangement is a travelling wave electrode arrangement further comprising a first and a second electrical line extending at least partially parallel to the first and second optical waveguide. The first and the second waveguide electrodes are connected to the first and second electrical lines via connecting structures.

Abstract: The invention relates to a Mach-Zehnder modulator comprising a first optical waveguide forming a first modulator arm and a second optical waveguide forming a second modulator arm of the Mach-Zehnder modulator, an electrode arrangement comprising a plurality of first waveguide electrodes for applying a voltage across the first optical waveguide and a plurality of second waveguide electrodes for applying a voltage across the second optical waveguide, at least one electrically conductive connecting element generating a short-circuit between at least one of the first waveguide electrodes and at least one of the second waveguide electrodes. The electrode arrangement is a travelling wave electrode arrangement further comprising a first and a second electrical line extending at least partially parallel to the first and second optical waveguide. The first and the second waveguide electrodes are connected to the first and second electrical lines via connecting structures.

Abstract: An electro-optic Mach-Zehnder modulator includes a first optical waveguide forming a first arm of the Mach-Zehnder modulator, and a second optical waveguide forming a second arm thereof. The first or second optical waveguide includes capacitive segments that are spaced apart from one another, each forming an electrical capacitor. A travelling wave electrode arrangement applies a voltage across the first or second optical waveguide. The travelling wave electrode arrangement includes waveguide electrodes arranged on the capacitive segments , an electrical line extending along a part of the first or second optical waveguide, the electrical line being arranged a distance from the waveguide electrodes, and connecting arrangements, each being assigned to one of the waveguide electrodes.

Abstract: An apparatus for testing, for example, printed circuit boards having measuring locations connected by interconnects in which some of the measuring locations are closely spaced, includes a carrier plate having an arrangement of gas discharge channels each provided with an electrode for separate ionic contact with the more widely space measuring locations. The more closely space measuring locations are ionically contacted by a group gas discharge channel having a group electrode which extends over a group of the closely space measuring locations. The group gas discharge channel in one embodiment is an oblong hole in the carrier plate with a wire extending along its length. Current flow and voltage via the ionic contact is measured to identify faults in the interconnects between the measuring locations.

Abstract: A drive device for an apparatus for electrical function testing of wiring matrices, which has optimally simple electrode shapes for the purpose of a further miniaturization with a two-electrode arrangement. For testing printed circuit boards a non-touching plasma contacting is used whereby two respectively selected measuring locations of a wiring matrix can be contacted via allocated discharge channels and their electrodes. The drive of the measuring locations (test points) occurs via control gas discharges that are generated by applying an adequately high voltage between the electrodes. By applying a voltage between the gas discharges, a current conduction that can be evaluated for test purposes is generated for a conductive connection between the test points.

Abstract: An arrangement for polarization control for an optical heterodyne or homodyne receiver wherein the state of polarization of the optical signal of the local oscillator of a heterodyne or homodyne receiver and the optical signal supplied to the receiver can be transformed so that both signals can be adjusted to the same identical state of polarization. A phase modulator PM1 and a following polarization converter PK1 are arranged onto an optical waveguide WL1 which receives at an input e.sub.1 an optical wave from a subscriber and another polarization converter PK2 and a following phase modulator PM2 are arranged onto another optical waveguide WL2 which has an input e.sub.2 for coupling in the local oscillator signal. The arrangement can be controlled such that the signals fed in have the same state of polarization at the output for superposition and IF generation.

Abstract: Apparatus for continuous reset-free polarization and phase control which includes an optical strip waveguide 10 in which two waves TE and TM mode are polarized orthogonally relative to each other and have mutually different propagation constants .beta..sub.1 and .beta..sub.2 and includes a plurality of N=4m equidistant electrodes (E.sub.i, where i=1, 2 . . . N) which are mounted successively along the strip waveguide 10 and where m is a whole number between 5 and 10 and wherein each electrode E.sub.i receives a voltageU.sub.i =U.sub.0 sin (.eta.+(i-1).multidot..pi..multidot..LAMBDA..sub.0 /2.multidot..LAMBDA..sub.1) with i=1, 2, . . . Nwherein .LAMBDA..sub.0 is the geometrical length fixed by four electrodes and .LAMBDA..sub.1 is the length defined by the operating wavelength .LAMBDA..sub.1 and .eta. is a variable control quantity between and 0 and 2.pi. and U.sub.0 is a variable maximum voltage.