Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for estimating a state of a battery, the method comprising the steps of: acquiring data of the battery during at least a predetermined time range, the data comprising at least a plurality of voltage measurements and a plurality of current measurements, determining a time window within the predetermined time range, the time window starting after a relaxed voltage interval and comprising a dynamic load interval, executing a subspace identification analysis within the time window resulting in the determination of one or more parameters of the battery, populating a model of the battery with the one or more parameters, estimating the state of the battery based on the model.

Abstract: The invention relates to a computer-implemented method for determining a state of an energy storage device. In successive iterations of a Kalman filter procedure, the process noise or measurement noise covariances are dynamically updated.

Abstract: A method for estimating an impedance of a battery. The method includes the steps of: acquiring data of the battery during at least a predetermined time range, the data including at least a plurality of voltage measurements and a plurality of current measurements; determining a time window within the predetermined time range, the time window starting after a relaxed voltage interval and including a dynamic load interval, determining an initial voltage, the initial voltage being the voltage measurement at the start of the time window, determining a plurality of dynamic voltages based on the voltage measurements in the time window and the initial voltage, executing a subspace identification analysis based on the plurality of current measurements and on the plurality of dynamic voltages, and computing the impedance from an output of the subspace identification analysis.

Abstract: A contact plate for a battery stack for electrically connecting battery cells of the battery stack in parallel and a method for producing the same, is provided. In the battery stack, the battery cells are arranged in an upper battery level and a lower battery level and the contact plate is arranged in the battery stack between the upper battery level and the lower battery level. A battery stack including at least one upper battery level, a lower battery level and a contact plate is further provided. A respective plurality of battery cells are arranged in the upper battery level and the lower battery level and the contact plate is arranged between the upper battery level and the lower battery level.