Abstract: An apparatus for detecting and communicating measurements related to the occurrence, magnitude, and duration of one or more binding events between a targeting agent and a target is disclosed. The apparatus may comprise a sensing subsystem with at least one targeting agent and electrically conductive linkers to enable detection of a target within a chemical or biological environment or sample. A deciding subsystem facilitates the identification of single binding events and their duration. Signaling circuitry processes input signals and transmits binding event-related data to a user device. The apparatus may be housed with additional components to measure binding characteristics of drug candidates, enabling precise, efficient, and cost-effective testing, screening, and validation of drug candidates.

Abstract: A micro-nano sensing device for sensing a chemical, biological, or biochemical entity includes a non-conductive housing having a surface and that contains supporting logic circuitry, signaling circuitry electrically connected to the logic circuitry, and at least one electrically conductive pad positioned on the housing surface and electrically connected to the logic circuitry and to a targeting agent capable of interacting with a target.

Abstract: An apparatus that is ?m- or nm-scale in size and can include integrated circuitry logic based on sub 10 nm SIA transistor nodes, a sensing subsystem, a deciding subsystem, an effecting subsystem, and a power harvesting system is described. The sensing subsystem can identify pathogenic entities, including disease associated cells (for example, cancer cells, autoimmune cells, or pathological microbes) or viruses. The sensing subsystem can include at least one pad constructed of an electrically conductive material and linkers attached to the at least one pad. Each linker can also be attached to a targeting agent (for example, an antibody fragment) or a reference agent. Upon the binding of a targeting agent with an entity of interest, the information is transferred to the logic circuitry, which processes the binding event information and decides whether the entity is disease associated (e.g., a disease associated cell or virus) and requires delivery of therapeutic agents or other treatment.

Abstract: An apparatus that is ?m- or nm-scale in size and can include integrated circuitry logic based on sub 10 nm SIA transistor nodes, a sensing subsystem, a deciding subsystem, an effecting subsystem, and a power harvesting system is described. The sensing subsystem can identify pathogenic entities, including disease associated cells (for example, cancer cells, autoimmune cells, or pathological microbes) or viruses. The sensing subsystem can include at least one pad constructed of an electrically conductive material and linkers attached to the at least one pad. Each linker can also be attached to a targeting agent (for example, an antibody fragment) or a reference agent. Upon the binding of a targeting agent with an entity of interest, the information is transferred to the logic circuitry, which processes the binding event information and decides whether the entity is disease associated (e.g., a disease associated cell or virus) and requires delivery of therapeutic agents or other treatment.