Abstract: A process for dehydrogenating alkane or alkylaromatic compounds comprising contacting the given compound and a dehydrogenation catalyst in a fluidized bed. The dehydrogenation catalyst is prepared from an at least partially deactivated platinum/gallium catalyst on an alumina-based support that is reconstituted by impregnating it with a platinum salt solution, then calcining it at a temperature from 400° C. to 1000° C., under conditions such that it has a platinum content ranging from 1 to 500 ppm, based on weight of catalyst; a gallium content ranging from 0.2 to 2.0 wt %; and a platinum to gallium ratio ranging from 1:20,000 to 1:4. It also has a Pt retention that is equal to or greater than that of a fresh catalyst being used in a same or similar catalytic process.

Abstract: A process for dehydrogenating alkane or alkylaromatic compounds comprising contacting the given compound and a dehydrogenation catalyst in a fluidized bed. The dehydrogenation catalyst is prepared from an at least partially deactivated platinum/gallium catalyst on an alumina-based support that is reconstituted by impregnating it with a platinum salt solution, then calcining it at a temperature from 400° C. to 1000° C., under conditions such that it has a platinum content ranging from 1 to 500 ppm, based on weight of catalyst; a gallium content ranging from 0.2 to 2.0 wt %; and a platinum to gallium ratio ranging from 1:20,000 to 1:4. It also has a Pt retention that is equal to or greater than that of a fresh catalyst being used in a same or similar catalytic process.

Abstract: A process for dehydrogenating alkane or alkylaromatic compounds comprising contacting the given compound and a dehydrogenation catalyst in a fluidized bed. The dehydrogenation catalyst is prepared from an at least partially deactivated platinum/gallium catalyst on an alumina-based support that is reconstituted by impregnating it with a platinum salt solution, then calcining it at a temperature from 400° C. to 1000° C., under conditions such that it has a platinum content ranging from 1 to 500 ppm, based on weight of catalyst; a gallium content ranging from 0.2 to 2.0 wt %; and a platinum to gallium ratio ranging from 1:20,000 to 1:4. It also has a Pt retention that is equal to or greater than that of a fresh catalyst being used in a same or similar catalytic process.

Abstract: A system for aerobic fermentation includes a vessel, an aeration system including a gas sparger fluidly coupled to the vessel to introduce a compressed gas to an internal volume of the vessel, and a recirculation loop fluidly coupled to an outlet of the vessel. The recirculation loop includes an eductor fluidly coupled to an oxygen-containing gas source, a static mixer downstream of the eductor, a heat exchanger downstream of the eductor, and a distributor downstream of the heat exchanger. The distributor is fluidly coupled to the vessel. The aeration system provides mixing and oxygen mass transfer to the fermentation composition in the vessel. The fermentation composition passes through the eductor, static mixer, heat exchanger, and distributor of the recirculation loop, and back into the vessel. Oxygen is transferred from an oxygen containing gas to the fermentation composition and heat is removed from the fermentation composition in the recirculation loop.

Abstract: A process for dehydrogenating alkane or alkylaromatic compounds comprising contacting the given compound and a dehydrogenation catalyst in a fluidized bed. The dehydrogenation catalyst is prepared from an at least partially deactivated platinum/gallium catalyst on an alumina-based support that is reconstituted by impregnating it with a platinum salt solution, then calcining it at a temperature from 400° C. to 1000° C., under conditions such that it has a platinum content ranging from 1 to 500 ppm, based on weight of catalyst; a gallium content ranging from 0.2 to 2.0 wt %; and a platinum to gallium ratio ranging from 1:20,000 to 1:4. It also has a Pt retention that is equal to or greater than that of a fresh catalyst being used in a same or similar catalytic process.

Abstract: A system for aerobic fermentation includes a vessel, an aeration system including a gas sparger fluidly coupled to the vessel to introduce a compressed gas to an internal volume of the vessel, and a recirculation loop fluidly coupled to an outlet of the vessel. The recirculation loop includes an eductor fluidly coupled to an oxygen-containing gas source, a static mixer downstream of the eductor, a heat exchanger downstream of the eductor, and a distributor downstream of the heat exchanger. The distributor is fluidly coupled to the vessel. The aeration system provides mixing and oxygen mass transfer to the fermentation composition in the vessel. The fermentation composition passes through the eductor, static mixer, heat exchanger, and distributor of the recirculation loop, and back into the vessel. Oxygen is transferred from an oxygen containing gas to the fermentation composition and heat is removed from the fermentation composition in the recirculation loop.

Abstract: A process for the dehydrogenation of alkyl-containing compounds comprises reacting an alkyl-containing compound and a Group VI nitrosyl complex characterized as a transition metal complex having the composition Cp?M(NO)(R1)(R2), wherein Cp? is selected from certain substituted and unsubstituted ?5-cyclopentadienyl groups; M is W or Mo; and R1 and R2 are independently selected from CH2C(CH3)3; CH2Si(CH3)3; CH2(C6H5); CH3; hydrogen; and ?3-allyl; provided that if R1 is hydrogen, R2 is ?3-allyl; under conditions such that the alkyl-containing compound is converted to an olefin, and in particular embodiments, a terminal olefin. The dehydrogenation can be carried out using a neat and/or undried alkyl-containing compound and/or may be conducted under air, and does not require a sacrificial olefin to drive the reaction, thereby increasing convenience and decreasing cost in comparison with some other dehydrogenation processes.

Abstract: A heterogeneous catalyst suitable for use in alkane dehydrogenation has an active layer that includes alumina and gallia. The active layer is dispersed on a support such as alumina or silica-modified alumina.

Abstract: Synthesize a nickel oxide-based oxidative dehydrogenation catalyst via a solvent-free process that comprises sequential steps a. mixing without added solvent a combination of a solid nickel precursor, a solid oxalate or oxalic acid and, optionally, a doping amount of a metal precursor for a period of time sufficient to convert the combination to a visually homogenous mixture; and b. calcining the visually homogeneous mixture at a temperature within a range of from greater than 250° C. to less than 800° C. for a time within a range of from 30 minutes to 360 minutes in an oxygen-containing atmosphere, preferably air, to form a calcined oxidative dehydrogenation catalyst. As a modification of the process, add an intermediate step between steps a. and b. to dry the homo geneous mixture at a temperature within a range of from 50° C. to 90° C. for a period of time within a range of from 10 minutes to 600 minutes to form a dried mixture. The resulting catalyst may be used in oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane.

Abstract: A heterogeneous catalyst suitable for use in alkane dehydrogenation has an active layer that includes alumina and gallia. The active layer is dispersed on a support such as alumina or silica-modified alumina.

Abstract: A process for dehydrogenating alkane or alkylaromatic compounds comprising contacting the given compound and a dehydrogenation catalyst in a fluidized bed. The dehydrogenation catalyst is prepared from an at least partially deactivated platinum/gallium catalyst on an alumina-based support that is reconstituted by impregnating it with a platinum salt solution, then calcining it at a temperature from 400° C. to 1000° C., under conditions such that it has a platinum content ranging from 1 to 500 ppm, based on weight of catalyst; a gallium content ranging from 0.2 to 2.0 wt %; and a platinum to gallium ratio ranging from 1:20,000 to 1:4. It also has a Pt retention that is equal to or greater than that of a fresh catalyst being used in a same or similar catalytic process.

Abstract: Use a supported catalyst that includes a catalyst support and a combination of nickel, gallium, and, optionally, one or more of an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal and a lanthanide to effect non-oxidative dehydrogenation of an oxygen-free gaseous stream that comprises an alkane such as ethane, propane or butane to a product stream that comprises a corresponding alkene such as propylene where the alkane is propane.