Abstract: An exemplary data refresh method disclosed herein reading data into volatile memory from a first storage region using a read element controlled by a first actuator assembly and writing the data from the volatile memory to a second storage region using a write element controlled by a second actuator assembly, where the first actuator assembly and the second actuator assembly are configured to receive data from control circuitry via independent read/write communication channels.

Abstract: An exemplary data refresh method disclosed herein reading data into volatile memory from a first storage region using a read element controlled by a first actuator assembly and writing the data from the volatile memory to a second storage region using a write element controlled by a second actuator assembly, where the first actuator assembly and the second actuator assembly are configured to receive data from control circuitry via independent read/write communication channels.

Abstract: An exemplary data refresh method disclosed herein reading data into volatile memory from a first storage region using a read element controlled by a first actuator assembly and writing the data from the volatile memory to a second storage region using a write element controlled by a second actuator assembly, where the first actuator assembly and the second actuator assembly are configured to receive data from control circuitry via independent read/write communication channels.

Abstract: In some embodiments of the present invention, a disk drive includes a rotatable data storage disk, a head, and a controller. The head is configured to fly on an air cushion relative to a data recording surface of the rotating disk while writing data to the data recording surface responsive to a write command from a host device or while reading data from the data recording surface to generate a read signal responsive to a read command from the host device. The controller is configured to measure flying height of the head relative to the data recording surface of the disk in response to sensing power-up of the disk drive and/or a shut-down command from the host device. The controller may measure the flying height in response to sensing power-up of the disk drive and, subsequent to measuring the flying height, may generate a ready signal to the host computer that indicates that the disk drive has powered-up and is ready to receive read/write commands from the host computer.