Abstract: Due largely to their high torque-to-current and torque-to-volume ratios, permanent magnet (PM) motors and generators are increasingly being used in a wide range of high performance applications, such as industrial drives, robotics, computer peripherals, and automotive applications. The present invention utilizes stator modularity to enable cost efficiency by significantly decreasing stator core manufacturing costs, and coil forming and fixturing costs in several ways. Minimizing costs extend to a novel, lightweight, support structure that does not require the usual encasement structure. The approach presents a challenge to mitigating cogging torque via popular methods; therefore a novel anti-cogging approach was developed that is a natural outgrowth of the modular layout instead of being negatively impacted by. The result is a low cost PM machine design and method with low cogging torque.

Abstract: Due largely to their high torque-to-current and torque-to-volume ratios, permanent magnet (PM) motors and generators are increasingly being used in a wide range of high performance applications, such as industrial drives, robotics, computer peripherals, and automotive applications. The present invention utilizes stator modularity to enable cost efficiency by significantly decreasing stator core manufacturing costs, and coil forming and fixturing costs in several ways. Minimizing costs extend to a novel, lightweight, support structure that does not require the usual encasement structure. The approach presents a challenge to mitigating cogging torque via popular methods; therefore a novel anti-cogging approach was developed that is a natural outgrowth of the modular layout instead of being negatively impacted by. The result is a low cost PM machine design and method with low cogging torque.

Abstract: The invention provides a passive two-stage multiwavelength approach for measuring temperature, emissivity and stray-light levels.

Abstract: The invention provides a passive two-stage multiwavelength approach for measuring temperature, emissivity and stray-light levels.

Abstract: The invention provides an incandescent electromagnetic radiation source comprising a non-metallic emitter body that conducts electricity, and an emitting volume within the emitter body that has a thermal energy, optical absorption coefficients, and optical scattering coefficients, and that generates and externally emits electromagnetic radiation. An electric current is applied to the emitting volume such that a substantial portion of the thermal energy is generated by electrical resistive heating within the emitting volume. The optical absorption coefficients have significantly larger values within a predetermined high emissivity portion of the electromagnetic spectrum than within a predetermined low emissivity portion of the spectrum, and the optical scattering coefficients have much larger values than the optical absorption coefficients within the predetermined low emissivity portion of the spectrum.

Abstract: The invention, an incandescent light source, radiates a significantly larger portion of its power within the visible spectrum by enclosing an electrically heated tungsten filament, the radiant primary, within a cavity bounded by a two-layer refractory oxide composite, the radiant secondary. The scattering and absorption coefficients of both layers are manipulated such that the inner layer is substantially absorbing in both the visible and the IR, while the outer layer, though optically thick across the spectrum, is substantially absorbing (and therefore substantially emissive) in the visible while being highly reflective in the IR High temperature cavity radiation established by the radiant primary is absorbed by the inner layer of the secondary, thereby heating both layers such that they radiate brilliantly.