Abstract: A digital-to-analog signal converter (1000) provides an analog output signal by subtracting bit currents reflecting a digital input signal from a constant current source (1004, 1018-1022) at a current summer (1003), with the difference current being applied to a constant load. The subtracting of the current, rather than switching the current, avoids the modulation of an associated power source since the total current demand remains the same. In that low power operation is possible, the converter is particularly suited for use in an arrangement where only a low level of operating current is available from a power source.

Abstract: In a multifrequency generator providing tone signaling for a telephone, the common switching functions are performed by solid state switching circuitry (1200). Improved signal transfer between the telephone line and transmit and receive transducer of the telephone is provided by arranging the solid-state transmit and receive switches (1201, 1401) in a gain configuration to increase the level of the speech signal. The tone signals are digitally synthesized and use an integrated R-C oscillator (600) as a reference. Button down and button up debouncing of a contact closure signal from a single contact per button keypad is provided.