Abstract: A variable orifice fuel injector has an inward opening needle valve and an outward opening needle valve and has means to directly inject two types of fuels independently and collectively. Both needle valves are fully contained in a nozzle body, with a co-axial smaller needle valve at least partially being contained in a larger needle valve. The materials of the needle valves are individually chosen such that it provides good sealings for liquid and gas fuels.

Abstract: A fuel injector has means to directly inject one type of fuel or two types of fuels collectively with fuel ratios on demand. Once being used as a single fuel injector, the injector can enable injection rate shaping. Once being used as a dual fuel injector, the injector can tailor fuel properties on demand. The fuel injector has the capability to enable tailored chemical and thermal-physical fuel properties to enable high efficiency clean combustion for different engine loads and speeds.

Abstract: A fuel injector has means to directly inject one type of fuel or two types of fuels collectively with fuel ratios on demand. Once being used as a single fuel injector, the injector can enable injection rate shaping. Once being used as a dual fuel injector, the injector can tailor fuel properties on demand. The fuel injector has the capability to enable tailored chemical and thermal-physical fuel properties to enable high efficiency clean combustion for different engine loads and speeds.

Abstract: This invention discloses a combustion method, which is for an internal combustion engine, which utilizes variable spray patterns matched with a combustion chamber composing of multiple connected spaces based on injection timings and engine loads. This invention provides means to control propagation paths of combustion reaction radicals and control pressure rise rate, and also provides means to promote stratification of premixed charges. An internal combustion engine utilizing the disclosed combustion methods is also disclosed.

Abstract: A variable orifice fuel injector has an inward opening needle valve and an outward opening needle valve and has means to directly inject two types of fuels independently and collectively. Both needle valves are fully contained in a nozzle body, with a co-axial smaller needle valve at least partially being contained in a larger needle valve.

Abstract: A multi-fuel injector has an internal pressure intensifier which has means to intensify fuels with different viscosities, cetane or octane numbers, with high viscosity fuel being used to intensify itself and low viscosity fuels to high pressure for direct injection into combustion chamber. A fuel injection method and fuel system using such a method of fuel injection is disclosed. A multi-fuel injector with a variable orifice nozzle and variable spray patterns is also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed here is an adaptive mixed-mode combustion method, which is mainly for internal combustion engines, either compression ignition or spark ignition, or mixed-mode engines using both compression ignition and spark ignition. The combustion method is composed of steps of partially charging fuel reformates through intake ports, or charging fuels with high ignition temperature through intake ports, wherein it has adaptive means to introduce fuels into combustion chamber space through both intake port fuel charge and direct fuel injections, based on engine loads and speeds, to produce a separate twin triangular heat release curves to effectively reduce emissions and fuel consumptions. A combustion engine using the disclosed combustion method is also provided. A corresponding method and fuel reformer of using exhaust energy for fuel reforming is also disclosed.

Abstract: A multi-fuel injector has an internal pressure intensifier which has means to intensify fuels with different viscosities, cetane or octane numbers, with high viscosity fuel being used to intensify both itself and low viscosity fuels to high pressure for direct injection into combustion chamber. A combustion method using such a method of fuel injection is also disclosed. A multi-fuel injector with variable orifice nozzle and variable spray patterns is also disclosed.

Abstract: This invention discloses a method for low temperature combustion using at least two fuels with low and high boiling points being directly injected into engine combustion chamber separately and sequentially with two different spray patterns, wherein the low boiling point fuel can be quickly vaporized to form a low temperature zone for containing fuel jet combustion of high boiling point fuels. An internal combustion engine using the disclosed low temperature combustion method is also provided.

Abstract: This invention disclosed a mixed-mode fuel injector with a micro-variable-circular-orifice (MVCO), which is a fuel injection device for internal combustion engines, either diesel or gasoline engines. The fuel injector has means of generating variable mixed-mode sprays of conical and multi-jet shapes.

Abstract: A variable orifice fuel injector has both an inward opening needle valve and an outward opening needle valve and has means to inject dual fuels in different hollow conical spray patterns and conventional multiple jet spray patterns selectively and independently.

Abstract: A variable orifice fuel injector has both an inward opening needle valve and an outward opening needle valve and has means to inject fuel in different hollow conical spray patterns and conventional multiple jet spray patterns selectively and independently.

Abstract: This invention discloses a combustion method, which is for internal combustion engine, which utilizes a variable spray fuel injection wherein it has (i) a variable spray angle with smaller angles for earlier fuel injection and larger angles for later fuel injection, and (ii) variable spray patterns varying from hollow conical shapes for earlier injection to multi-jet shapes for later injection, wherein it has adaptive means to distribute fuel into combustion chamber space based on background pressure and injection timing. A combustion method, which utilizes a combustion chamber which has plural number of annular inner spaces resembling the space inside an automotive tire, which provides means to control propagation paths of combustion reaction radicals and control pressure rise rate, which also provides means to promote stratification of premixed charges. An internal combustion engine utilizing the said combustion methods is also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention disclosed a mixed-mode fuel injector with micro-variable-circular-orifice (MVCO), which is a fuel injection device for internal combustion engines, either diesel or gasoline engines. The fuel injector is a high-accuracy couple of components comprising a needle valve (1) and a nozzle body (5). Said needle valve is movable back and forth and received in said nozzle body to provide an opening position for fuel injection and a biased closing position. Said nozzle body has multiple-micro-channels (6) on the inner conical surface (C) close to the tip of the nozzle body. The injector has a MVCO (4) comprising a micro-variable-circular aperture and multiple-micro-channels, and has means of generating variable mixed-mode sprays of conical and multi-jet shapes, with a major homogeneous conical spray at low to medium injection loads.