Abstract: A downlink signal synchronization method and system are described. The method is applied to a wavelength division multiplexing passive optical network, including: when an optical network unit (ONU) is in a running state, detecting whether the synchronization of downlink signals is lost, the downlink signals comprising a management channel signal and a data channel signal; when the synchronization of the management channel signal is lost and the data channel signal is normally synchronized, switching the ONU from the running state to a management channel synchronization loss sub-state; monitoring a first recovery time of the ONU for recovering management channel signal synchronization in the management channel synchronization loss sub-state; and if the first recovery time does not exceed a first preset time threshold and the data channel signal is still normally synchronized, returning the ONU from the management channel synchronization loss sub-state to the running state.

Abstract: A mining grouting reinforcement material is provided and includes a component A including a sodium silicate solution and an amino acid salt, and a component B including an isocyanate, a plasticizer, a filler and a molecular bridging agent. A specific gravity of the filler is 2 to 8.

Abstract: A genome-specific gene sequence fragment of female Acipenser dabryanus and a method for identifying the sex of Acipenser dabryanus are disclosed. The gene sequence fragment of Acipenser dabryanus is used to identify the sex of Acipenser dabryanus. The method includes: performing PCR amplification on the DNA of the Acipenser dabryanus to be tested, and judging that the Acipenser dabryanus to be tested is female when a resultant product from the amplification shows 3 bands on an agarose gel and the Acipenser dabryanus to be tested is male when a resultant product from the amplification shows 2 bands on an agarose gel, alternatively, judging that the Acipenser dabryanus to be tested is female when a resultant fragment from the amplification has a 1402 bp band and it is male if there is no 1402 bp band. The gene sequence fragment is used to quickly and efficiently identify the sex of Acipenser dabryanus.

Abstract: A genome-specific gene sequence fragment of female Acipenser Dabryanus and a method for identifying the sex of Acipenser Dabryanus are disclosed. The gene sequence fragment of Acipenser Dabryanus is used to identify the sex of Acipenser Dabryanus. The method includes: performing PCR amplification on the DNA of the Acipenser Dabryanus to be tested, and judging that the Acipenser Dabryanus to be tested is female when a resultant product from the amplification shows 3 bands on an agarose gel and the Acipenser Dabryanus to be tested is male when a resultant product from the amplification shows 2 bands on an agarose gel, alternatively, judging that the Acipenser Dabryanus to be tested is female when a resultant fragment from the amplification has a 1402 bp band and it is male if there is no 1402 bp band. The gene sequence fragment is used to quickly and efficiently identify the sex of Acipenser Dabryanus.

Abstract: The present application provides a disposable electronic cigarette with a large number of puffs and its control method. The electronic cigarette comprises a battery pack and atomizing assemblies arranged inside a housing, and the battery pack comprises an airflow switch assembly for sensing a suction signal and a control unit, there are least two groups of the atomizing assemblies, the control unit is used to receive the suction signal and control one of the atomizing assemblies to perform atomizing and heating smoke oil, and at the same time count number of puffs, and determine if the number of puffs reaches a default value, stop the heated atomizing assembly, and control to switch to another unheated atomizing assembly to perform atomizing and heating smoke oil. The disposable electronic cigarette can provide users with more number of puffs and longer time to smoke, and the taste is diversified.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a method and apparatus for adjusting wavelength for an Optical Line Terminal/Optical Network Unit (OLT/ONU). The method for adjusting wavelength for an OLT includes that: a source OLT sends an adjustment notification message to a target OLT, wherein the adjustment notification message is used for indicating that an ONU is to be adjusted into a Time-Wavelength Division Multiplexing Channel (TWDM CH) of the target OLT; and the source OLT receives an adjustment acknowledgement message provided by the target OLT, wherein the adjustment acknowledgement message is used for indicating that an adjustment process of the ONU has been completed. By means of the technical solution provided in the disclosure, an ONU of a source OLT can still work normally after being switched to a channel of a target OLT, thereby achieving the effect that the continuity of a service between the OLT and the ONU may be maintained.

Abstract: Working Channel (CH) tuning methods, devices and system, an Optical Network Unit (ONU) and an Optical Line Terminal (OLT) are provided. In a working CH tuning method, at least one of the following information is provided for an OLT: a working CH corresponding to minimum power consumption or power consumption information corresponding to an ONU in different CHs. A tuning message which indicates an optimal working CH and is provided by the OLT according to the provided information is received from the OLT. A working CH is tuned to the optimal working CH indicated by the tuning message.

Abstract: Techniques for unified optical network unit power management in a passive optical network include operating an optical network unit (ONU) in a first state in which a transmitter of the ONU is turned off and a receiver of the ONU is turned on, operating the ONU in a second state in which both the transmitter and the receiver are turned off, and transitioning the ONU directly between the first state and the second state, based on a power management rule.

Abstract: A composite optical fiber assembly of quartz and plastic, an identification method and an identification device are disclosed. The composite optical fiber assembly of quartz and plastic includes a quartz optical fiber, a connector of the quartz optical fiber, at least two plastic optical fibers, and connectors of plastic optical fibers respectively corresponding to the at least two plastic optical fibers. The plastic optical fibers are laid on the quartz optical fiber. With the structure, whether the connectors at the two ends are properly connected can be intuitively inspected by eyes and displayed.

Abstract: Working Channel (CH) tuning methods, devices and system, an Optical Network Unit (ONU) and an Optical Line Terminal (OLT) are provided. In a working CH tuning method, at least one of the following information is provided for an OLT: a working CH corresponding to minimum power consumption or power consumption information corresponding to an ONU in different CHs. A tuning message which indicates an optimal working CH and is provided by the OLT according to the provided information is received from the OLT. A working CH is tuned to the optimal working CH indicated by the tuning message.

Abstract: A multi-wavelength passive optical network (MW-PON) includes an optical distribution network (ODN), a plurality of optical line terminations (OLTs) and an optical network unit (ONU). The ODN includes a trunk fiber, one or more branching elements, and a plurality of distribution fibers. Each OLT is associated with an individual bi-directional wavelength channel using a corresponding single downstream wavelength and a corresponding single upstream wavelength, and supporting a specific downstream line rate and one or more distinct upstream line rates. The ONU is communicatively coupled to a respective distribution fiber, being tunable over a specific range of downstream wavelengths and a specific range of upstream wavelengths, and supporting a specific downstream line rate and a specific upstream line rate.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a method and device for channel switching, an Optical Network Unit (ONU) and a system for Time Wavelength Division Multiplexing (TWDM). The method for channel switching includes that: an ONU acquires channel information of a first TWDM channel, wherein the channel information of the first TWDM channel is used for indicating an uplink wavelength and/or downlink wavelength of the first TWDM channel; and the ONU tunes the uplink wavelength and/or downlink wavelength of the ONU into the uplink wavelength and/or downlink wavelength of the first TWDM channel according to the channel information of the first TWDM channel. By means of the present disclosure, the problem of high cost caused by specially building a standby channel for each TWDM channel in a system for TWDM Passive Optical Network (PON) to provide service protection is solved, and the cost of deploying the TWDM PON system is reduced.

Abstract: A method of Noisy Window and associated management messages to support set splitting if activating ONUs with uncalibrated transmitter, offering a power grant for unmodulated upstream transmission, measuring the average received optical power in all upstream wavelength channels and providing downstream indication of the upstream wavelength channel with abnormally high average received power.

Abstract: Provided are a method and device for configuring an OTDR test parameter set. The above-mentioned method comprises: an FMS acquiring related information about an ODN according to a test result fed back by an OTDR; and the FMS configuring a test parameter set required for one or more subsequent OTDR tests according to the related information. According to the technical solution provided in the disclosure, the test parameter set required for initiating an OTDR test can be accurately acquired.

Abstract: Techniques for unified optical network unit power management in a passive optical network include operating an optical network unit (ONU) in a first state in which a transmitter of the ONU is turned off and a receiver of the ONU is turned on, operating the ONU in a second state in which both the transmitter and the receiver are turned off, and transitioning the ONU directly between the first state and the second state, based on a power management rule.

Abstract: Provided are transmitting, receiving and communication systems of an optical network and a method for modulating a signal. The transmitting system includes: first Passive Optical Network (PON) equipment, configured to output a binary digital signal; and an M-order digital modulator, configured to modulate the binary digital signal into an M-order digital signal, and output the M-order digital signal, wherein each transmission symbol in the M-order digital signal carries information of N=log2M bits, where N is a natural number greater than 1 and M is a natural number. By the disclosure, the problems in the related art is solved, the bandwidths required by transmission are further reduced, and the actual cost of the optical transceiver modules is lowered.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for self-calibration of an ONU receiver in a multi-wavelength PON system, said method including the initial physical layer scan of the receiver tuning range, distributed estimation of the down-stream wavelength channel drift with respect to the nominal standard-based wavelengths, and reporting the estimated downstream wavelength channel drift in the downstream Channel_Map message.

Abstract: A composite optical fiber assembly of quartz and plastic, an identification method and an identification device are disclosed. The composite optical fiber assembly of quartz and plastic includes a quartz optical fiber, a connector of the quartz optical fiber, at least two plastic optical fibers, and connectors of plastic optical fibers respectively corresponding to the at least two plastic optical fibers. The plastic optical fibers are laid on the quartz optical fiber. With the structure, whether the connectors at the two ends are properly connected can be intuitively inspected by eyes and displayed.

Abstract: Techniques for unified optical network unit power management in a passive optical network include operating an optical network unit (ONU) in a first state in which a transmitter of the ONU is turned off and a receiver of the ONU is turned on, operating the ONU in a second state in which both the transmitter and the receiver are turned off, and transitioning the ONU directly between the first state and the second state, based on a power management rule.