Abstract: A global optimization tool may be used to predict characteristics of a multiple ply layered composite as a condition of one or more continuous variables and/or one or more binary variables. For example, the global optimization tool may predict characteristics of a composite for a large range of fiber orientation angles of each of layer of the ply. The optimization tool may include solving a mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model to obtain a multiple ply layered composite design that is optimized relative to objectives, such as areal weight and cost. Thus, the global optimization tool may be able to identify composite designs with lower areal weight and/or lower cost than the composite designs identified by prior art trial and error methods or heuristic algorithms. When a composite design is identified as meeting certain criteria that are input to the global optimization tool, that composite design may be manufactured.

Abstract: Solar-powered systems and methods of generating hydrogen gas and oxygen gas from water are described. A solar-powered system for generating hydrogen gas and oxygen gas from water includes an electrolysis unit, a first generator unit, and a solar-powered turbine unit. The electrolysis unit is powered by the first generator unit. The solar-powered turbine unit is configured to drive the first generator unit and to supply steam to the electrolysis unit. The solar-powered turbine unit includes a first turbine coupled to and configured to provide shaft work to the first generator unit, a steam generation unit coupled to the steam feed inlet of the electrolysis unit and configured to hold water; and a solar unit configured to generate and provide heat to the steam generation unit.