Abstract: The present invention relates to analyzing fatigue level of users by transmitting pressure data from user's shoes wirelessly for real-time monitoring. Athletes for in body-contact games such as football, are often suddenly forced out of games due to injuries as it is often difficult to ascertain the nature of the injury on the field. The present invention enables a coach to have an ability to monitor performance of the athletes as they play, thus help in determining current level of athlete's injury, and help in preventing career threatening and/or fatal injuries. Further, pressure sensors can be used to determine fatigue detection and can be verified by readings from knock sensor, accelerometer data, etc. Variations in all such sensors for a time slice t-seconds can be used as an indicator for fatigue.

Abstract: The present invention relates to analyzing fatigue level of users by transmitting pressure data from user's shoes wirelessly for real-time monitoring. Athletes for in body-contact games such as football, are often suddenly forced out of games due to injuries as it is often difficult to ascertain the nature of the injury on the field. The present invention enables a coach to have an ability to monitor performance of the athletes as they play, thus help in determining current level of athlete's injury, and help in preventing career threatening and/or fatal injuries. Further, pressure sensors can be used to determine fatigue detection and can be verified by readings from knock sensor, accelerometer data, etc. Variations in all such sensors for a time slice t-seconds can be used as an indicator for fatigue.

Abstract: A network architecture for integrating a 4G wireless mesh network (WMN) with a 3-G network in order to effectively support multimedia communication is described. In one embodiment of the present invention, a wireless mesh network system comprises a plurality of routers each having a wireless optical interface; at least one base station having Internet backhaul and connecting to a wireless optical device; a computer media storing instructions for assigning at least one of the plurality of routers to act as an Internet gateway via said base station; wherein said assigned router and said base station communicating via a link between wireless optical interface of said assigned router and the wireless optical device connected to said base station, and said link is line-of-sight.

Abstract: An apparatus for instantaneously translating sign language in to voice and video is introduced. The present invention uses accelerometer sensors to compute the position and movement of each finger, thereby instantaneously determining the posture of the hand. The location of fingers with respect to body is accurately determined by placing RFID tags at different parts of the body while a single RFID reader is placed on the index finger. Data from accelerometer sensors and RFID reader are multiplexed and sent wirelessly via a controller to a laptop processor where ultimate conversion of sign language to text/voice is achieved. Further, various characteristics of sign language comprising hand position, hand posture, hand orientation and hand movement are detected based on the accelerometer data and RFID data.

Abstract: A network architecture for integrating a 4G wireless mesh network (WMN) with a 3-G network in order to effectively support multimedia communication is described. In one embodiment of the present invention, a wireless mesh network system comprises a plurality of routers each having a wireless optical interface; at least one base station having Internet backhaul and connecting to a wireless optical device; a computer media storing instructions for assigning at least one of the plurality of routers to act as an Internet gateway via said base station; wherein said assigned router and said base station communicating via a link between wireless optical interface of said assigned router and the wireless optical device connected to said base station, and said link is line-of-sight.

Abstract: As various applications of wireless ad hoc network have been proposed, security has become one of the big research challenges and is receiving increasing attention. The present invention provides for a distributed key management and authentication approach by deploying the recently developed concepts of identity-based cryptography and threshold secret sharing. Without any assumption of pre-fixed trust relationship between nodes, the ad hoc network works in a self-organizing way to provide the key generation and key management service, which effectively solves the problem of single point of failure in the traditional public key infrastructure (PKI)-supported system. The identity-based cryptography mechanism provided not only to provide end-to-end authenticity and confidentiality, but also saves network bandwidth and computational power of wireless nodes.

Abstract: An apparatus for instantaneously translating sign language in to voice and video is introduced. The present invention uses accelerometer sensors to compute the position and movement of each finger, thereby instantaneously determining the posture of the hand. The location of fingers with respect to body is accurately determined by placing RFID tags at different parts of the body while a single RFID reader is placed on the index finger. Data from accelerometer sensors and RFID reader are multiplexed and sent wirelessly via a controller to a laptop processor where ultimate conversion of sign language to text/voice is achieved. Further, various characteristics of sign language comprising hand position, hand posture, hand orientation and hand movement are detected based on the accelerometer data and RFID data.

Abstract: Dual mode wireless radio chip having integrated circuitry enabled to provide a wireless personal area network protocol layer; a wireless local area network protocol layer; and a radio access control protocol layer having a single antenna configured to receive and forward a plurality of transmission packets and to multiplex the wireless personal area network protocol layer and the wireless local area network protocol layer by placing the wireless personal protocol layer and the wireless local area network protocol layer in one or more plurality of operational modes.

Abstract: Strong authentication of packets sent between nodes of different clusters in a two-tier ad hoc network is provided by the cluster heads. Each cluster head authenticates nodes that enter the cluster. Thereafter, when a sending node requests a session from its cluster head with a receiving node in another cluster, the cluster head negotiates a session secret key (SSK) with the corresponding cluster head of the receiving node. Further, the cluster head provides authentication tags for the sending node to use with each packet. Each authentication tag is time-stamped, digitally signed by the cluster head, encrypted with the SSK, and includes indicators of message integrity, including a sequence number and TCP header field of checksum. The sending node further calculates a check result from a number of the authentication tags, encrypted with the SSK, so that the receiving node can authenticate the number of packets.

Abstract: Strong authentication of packets sent between nodes of different clusters in a two-tier ad hoc network is provided by the cluster heads. Each cluster head authenticates nodes that enter the cluster. Thereafter, when a sending node requests a session from its cluster head with a receiving node in another cluster, the cluster head negotiates a session secret key (SSK) with the corresponding cluster head of the receiving node. Further, the cluster head provides authentication tags for the sending node to use with each packet. Each authentication tag is time-stamped, digitally signed by the cluster head, encrypted with the SSK, and includes indicators of message integrity, including a sequence number and TCP header field of checksum. The sending node further calculates a check result from a number of the authentication tags, encrypted with the SSK, so that the receiving node can authenticate the number of packets.

Abstract: In a widely distributed digital communication network call delays and eventual outcome are anticipated (i.e., expected call outcome) at the initiation of a call at an originating terminal and the call is completed by signal switching to its destination terminal and by decreasing the number of related message transfers between network controllers and hubs required to complete the balance of administrative refinements of the call connection. The routing steps for setting up the call trajectory to the destination hub are completed immediately before the administrative steps, such as authentication, access control, bandwidth availability etc., are performed. Administrative refinements subsequent to the preliminary call set up are performed in a distributive manner. Administrative and capacity items are determined and completed post route determination and computed or accessed in parallel making this information available for a final call set up. If this information is adverse the call is immediately terminated.

Abstract: Intelligent allocation of wireless resources can help avoid the problems of dropped calls in a mobile communications network. A service for allocating resources is designed to develop profiles of subscribers' mobility. That is, profiles are developed for routes, traveled by subscribers at certain days and times. For example, some subscribers commute to and from work at relatively fixed times. By compiling this information in the profile and tracking the movement of the subscriber, the mobile network can anticipate the subscriber's movement into a next cell. Thus, wireless resources in the next cell can be reserved prior to the anticipated handover of an ongoing call involving the subscriber. Thus, uninterrupted service can be maintained and dropped calls can be avoided.

Abstract: The approximate position of a mobile station in a cell can be predicted by measuring the signal strength between the mobile station and the base station of the cell in which it is located and the base stations of the neighboring cells. After a series of instantaneous signal strength measurements have been collected, the velocity and direction of the mobile unit can be determined. Based on the velocity and direction of the mobile unit, future locations of the mobile unit can be predicted including the projected signal strength between the mobile station and the base stations of the cell in which it is located and neighboring cells. Analyzing the projected signal strength values, the time when the mobile unit will require handover to a neighboring cell can be determined and if desired, resources in a neighboring cell can be allocated in anticipation of the mobile unit being handed over to that cell.

Abstract: A cellular network includes a mobile switching center and a network of cells through which one or more mobile stations can move. Each of the cells is managed by a base station, while a plurality of base stations are controlled by a control processor within the mobile switching center. Spare stations are introduced at strategic locations in the cellular network. As mobile stations move through the network of cells communicating with various base stations and spare stations the mobile switching center receives reports from spare stations relating to the status of various parameters characterizing conditions within the network of cells. The mobile switching center determines the position and velocity of mobile stations moving through the network of cells based on incoming reports. The assignment of a call associated with a mobile station can be changed from a base station to a spare station, and can then be changed from the spare station to another base station if the base station fails or becomes overloaded.