Abstract: Methods and systems for programming implantable stimulation devices are disclosed. The disclosed techniques may be applied to a programming interface associated with a clinician's programmer, for example. A user interface allows a user to select stimulation waveforms to be applied at a plurality of electrodes implanted in a patient and to visualize how the waveforms interact with each other and with the patient's tissue. For example, the user interface can display a representation of constructive and destructive activation interactions and can also display time-resolved spatiotemporal behavior during stimulation.

Abstract: Techniques for steering of target poles formed by implantable electrodes in a stimulator device are disclosed. The steering technique modifies the relative amplitude of target poles once they are steered to an electrode array boundary. Once a target pole is steered to an electrode array boundary, further steering in the direction of that boundary results in a gradual decrease in the relative amplitude of that target pole. Eventually, continued steering in that direction will cause that target pole to disappear. Thus, in the case of a target tripole, continued steering will eventually cause the target tripole to be automatically converted into a target bipole. In another example of steering, target poles defined linearly in one direction can be split in an orthogonal direction to create a target pole configuration that is two-dimensional.

Abstract: Methods and systems for programming implantable stimulation devices are disclosed. The disclosed techniques may be applied to a programming interface associated with a clinician's programmer, for example. A user interface allows a user to select stimulation waveforms to be applied at a plurality of electrodes implanted in a patient and to visualize how the waveforms interact with each other and with the patient's tissue. For example, the user interface can display a representation of constructive and destructive activation interactions and can also display time-resolved spatiotemporal behavior during stimulation.

Abstract: Techniques for steering of target poles formed by implantable electrodes in a stimulator device are disclosed. The steering technique modifies the relative amplitude of target poles once they are steered to an electrode array boundary. Once a target pole is steered to an electrode array boundary, further steering in the direction of that boundary results in a gradual decrease in the relative amplitude of that target pole. Eventually, continued steering in that direction will cause that target pole to disappear. Thus, in the case of a target tripole, continued steering will eventually cause the target tripole to be automatically converted into a target bipole. In another example of steering, target poles defined linearly in one direction can be split in an orthogonal direction to create a target pole configuration that is two-dimensional.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for determining an analyte concentration of a sample, such as a tissue sample. The apparatus may comprise an emitter, close proximity detectors laterally located less than about 2 mm away from the emitter, and far away detectors laterally located greater than about 0.5 cm away from the emitter. A plurality of wavelengths may be sent from the emitter to the sample, reflected off of the sample, and received by the detectors. The reflectance value measured by the close proximity detectors may be used to calculate one or more scattering coefficients. The reflectance value measured by the far away detectors may be compared with a reflectance value calculated using the scattering coefficients in a numerical inversion of a diffusion model to determine the analyte concentration of the sample.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for determining an analyte concentration of a sample, such as a tissue sample. The apparatus may comprise an emitter, close proximity detectors laterally located less than about 2 mm away from the emitter, and far away detectors laterally located greater than about 0.5 cm away from the emitter. A plurality of wavelengths may be sent from the emitter to the sample, reflected off of the sample, and received by the detectors. The reflectance value measured by the close proximity detectors may be used to calculate one or more scattering coefficients. The reflectance value measured by the far away detectors may be compared with a reflectance value calculated using the scattering coefficients in a numerical inversion of a diffusion model to determine the analyte concentration of the sample.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for determining an analyte concentration of a sample, such as a tissue sample. The apparatus may comprise an emitter, close proximity detectors laterally located less than about 2 mm away from the emitter, and far away detectors laterally located greater than about 0.5 cm away from the emitter. A plurality of wavelengths may be sent from the emitter to the sample, reflected off of the sample, and received by the detectors. The reflectance value measured by the close proximity detectors may be used to calculate one or more scattering coefficients. The reflectance value measured by the far away detectors may be compared with a reflectance value calculated using the scattering coefficients in a numerical inversion of a diffusion model to determine the analyte concentration of the sample.