Abstract: In accordance with the invention, there is provided a reproduction method including forming a toner image on a moving primary image-forming member (PIFM) which is a first double-sleeved roller including a rigid cylindrical core member, a replaceable removable compliant inner sleeve member (ISM) in nonadhesive intimate contact with and surrounding the core member, and a replaceable removable photoconductive outer sleeve member (OSM) in nonadhesive intimate contact with and surrounding the ISM; electrostatically transferring the toner image, from the PIFM to a counter-rotating intermediate transfer member (ITM) which is a second double-sleeved roller, in a first transfer nip width produced by a pressure contact between the PIFM and the ITM, an electric field urging the toner image from the PIFM to the ITM, wherein the ITM includes a rigid cylindrical core member, a compliant ISM in nonadhesive intimate contact with and surrounding the core member, and a compliant resistive OSM in nonadhesive intimate contact wi

Abstract: A reproduction apparatus and method provides first and second toner image bearing members (TIBMs). Each of the TIBMs has a respective toner image that is moved through a respective transfer nip with a web that has or supports a toner image receiving surface. Each TIBM in each nip has a predetermined amount of pre-nip wrap by the web and a predetermined amount of post-nip wrap by the web. Electrostatic transfer, preferably in a constant current transfer mode, of a toner image at each transfer nip is made to the receiving surface so that a toner image transferred by the second TIBM is deposited on the receiving surface so as to form a composite image with the toner image transferred to the receiving surface by the first TIBM.

Abstract: A reproduction apparatus and method including a toner image bearing member (TIBM) and a seamed endless belt that is brought into transfer relationship with the TIBM at a transfer station by movement of the TIBM in a process direction through the transfer station whereby a marking particle image formed on the TIBM is transferred from the TIBM towards the belt. The seam on the belt is configured in a configuration other than a straight line perpendicular to the process direction and is used in at least some transfers. In one embodiment, the belt is a paper transport belt and a receiver member is supported on the belt so as to overlie the seam on the belt during such transfers. In a second embodiment, the belt serves as an intermediate transfer member (ITM) and at least some transfers are made from the TIBM to the ITM at the seam area of the belt.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for applying a charge features a moving charge applying member having an electrically conductive structure and a semiconductive layer supported upon the conductive structure. The semiconductive layer is formed of a material having a volume resistivity of between about 1.times.10.sup.7 ohm-cm and about 1.times.10.sup.11 ohm-cm. An electrical bias device electrically biases the charge applying member. The electrical bias device applies an electrical bias to the charge applying member so that an electrical current flows from a peripheral surface of the charge applying member through the semiconductive layer to the conductive structure and from the conductive structure through the semiconductive layer to the member to be charged so that a net charge flowing through the semiconductive layer is about zero. The charge flow in the different directions may be simultaneous or at different times.