Abstract: Fabricating light guide elements includes forming a first portion of the light guide element using a replication technique (104), and forming a second portion of the light guide element using a photolithographic technique (106). Use of replication can facilitate formation of more complex-shaped optical elements as part of the light guide element. The replication process sometimes results in the formation of a “yard,” or excess replication material, which may lead to light leakage if not removed or smoothed over. In some instances, at least part of the yard portion is embedded within the second portion of the light guide element, thereby resulting in a smoothing over of the yard portion.

Abstract: A liner for an infant holder having at least one recess includes a body having an upper surface, a lower surface, and a plurality of sidewalls extending between the lower surface and the upper surface. The lower surface and the plurality of sidewalls define at least one cavity receivable within the at least one recess of the infant holder.

Abstract: A method includes the steps of: providing a substrate; providing a tool having, on a replication side, a plurality of replication sections, each replication section defining a surface structure of one of an optical element(s), the tool further including at least one contact spacer portion, the contact spacer portion protruding, on the replication side, further than an outermost feature of the replication sections; aligning the tool with a feature of the substrate and bringing the tool and a first side of the substrate together, with replication material between the tool and the substrate, the contact spacer portion contacting the first side of the substrate, and thereby causing the spacer portion to adhere to the first side of the substrate, thereby producing a substrate-tool-assembly; dislocating the substrate-tool-assembly to a hardening station; causing the replication material to harden at the hardening station; and separating the tool from the substrate with the hardened replication material adhering to

Abstract: A method wherein firstly a spacer arrangement and a first wafer are brought together with each other with a first portion of curable adhesive between a first side of the spacer arrangement and the first substrate, to produce a partial stack, and then a second wafer is brought together with a second side of the spacer arrangement, with a second portion of curable adhesive between the second side of the spacer arrangement and the second wafer. Then, the first portion of the curable adhesive and the second portion of the curable adhesive are cured simultaneously.

Abstract: A method wherein firstly a spacer arrangement and a first wafer are brought together with each other with a first portion of curable adhesive between a first side of the spacer arrangement and the first substrate, to produce a partial stack, and then a second wafer is brought together with a second side of the spacer arrangement, with a second portion of curable adhesive between the second side of the spacer arrangement and the second wafer. Then, the first portion of the curable adhesive and the second portion of the curable adhesive are cured simultaneously.

Abstract: A method includes the steps of: providing a substrate; providing a tool having, on a replication side, a plurality of replication sections, each replication section defining a surface structure of one of an optical element(s), the tool further including at least one contact spacer portion, the contact spacer portion protruding, on the replication side, further than an outermost feature of the replication sections; aligning the tool with a feature of the substrate and bringing the tool and a first side of the substrate together, with replication material between the tool and the substrate, the contact spacer portion contacting the first side of the substrate, and thereby causing the spacer portion to adhere to the first side of the substrate, thereby producing a substrate-tool-assembly; dislocating the substrate-tool-assembly to a hardening station; causing the replication material to harden at the hardening station; and separating the tool from the substrate with the hardened replication material adhering to