Abstract: A cardiovascular monitoring system for measuring at least cardiac output comprises an implantable unit (2) configured for placement in a section of artery of a patient and a portable external unit (1) configured for mounting against or close to a patient's skin for bidirectional communication with the implantable unit. A cross-sectional area measurement sensor (8) includes at least one elastic conductive loop (15, 15a, 15b) and an electronic circuit (16) connected to the conductive loop configured to measure an inductance value of the conductive loop. At least one ultrasound transducer (7,11) is further configured to measure a velocity of blood flow based on a Doppler effect.

Abstract: A microsensor system, in particular gas sensor system, is integrated on a single chip and includes a microsensor, preferably a resistive-film-sensor configuration, with a microheater, the latter preferably of essentially round, elliptic or polygonal structure. The microsensor is located on a thermally insulated semiconductor structure, e.g. a thin membrane. Further included or integrated on the chip may be one or more first circuits for controlling the microheater and/or second circuits for evaluating or processing the measured values obtained from the microsensor. The first circuits may include power and/or temperature controller for the microheater. The second circuits may include an A/D converter, a digital signal processor, a digital output interface for processing sensor signals and transferring them to external devices, and/or potentiostats to regulate the electrode potential applied to the gas-sensitive layer.