Abstract: The invention relates to an assembly system for a mobile crane auxiliary lifting unit comprising auxiliary lifting unit assembly fastenings which are coupled to the auxiliary lifting unit and serve to fasten the auxiliary lifting unit to the crane, and comprising an assembly unit which can move the auxiliary lifting unit assembly fastenings into an assembly position. It also relates to an assembly installation for a mobile crane auxiliary lifting unit, comprising such an assembly system and comprising a sub-structure. A footing support for a mobile crane auxiliary lifting unit and a method for assembling a mobile crane auxiliary lifting unit are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention concerns a measuring apparatus for the detection of foreign bodies in a product, in particular in tobacco, cotton or some other fibrous product, having a measuring device, a device for generating an alternating electromagnetic field in the measuring device, which is influenced by a product which is arranged in a measuring volume of the measuring apparatus, a circuit device which includes the measuring device and which is designed to determine at least one suitable measurable variable of the alternating field influenced by the product, and an evaluating device which is designed for detection of the foreign body by suitable evaluation of the measurable variable determined with the circuit device, and is distinguished in that the measuring device is a measuring capacitor and the frequency of the alternating field is in the high-frequency range below the microwave range. The application further concerns a corresponding measuring method.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for measuring the diameter of at least one rod-shaped article. A beam splitter is arranged to split a beam coming from the radiation source into several component beams and to conduct the beams from different directions onto the rod-shaped article. A detection device includes a plurality of detectors each arranged to generate a signal indicating a shading of a respective one of the component beams caused by the rod-shaped article. The rod-shaped article is positioned in or guided through the beam paths between the radiation source and the detection device and the diameter of the rod-shaped article is determined from the signals generated in the detection device.

Abstract: The invention relates to a resonator housing for detecting at least one characteristic of a strand of the tobacco processing industry. Moreover the invention relates to the use of a material for one part of a resonator housing. The invention resides in the provision that the part of the housing, which substantially determines the shape of the resonator, comprises, at least in part, a non-metallic material.

Abstract: A method for separating out foreign bodies from a material flow includes generating a material flow and transferring the material flow to a measuring section. At least one foreign body is detected in the material flow at the measuring section and the foreign body is removing from the material flow. The method includes moving the airflow along with and at substantially the same speed as the material flow between the detecting and removing steps.

Abstract: An apparatus for testing a rod-shaped article in the tobacco industry includes a source of light for illuminating the rod-shaped article. An imaging device is disposed for forming an image of at least a portion of light transmitted through the article. A sensor has a surface on which the image is formed and detects an intensity of the light in the image.

Abstract: Process and device for measuring bar-shaped articles. The process includes conveying the bar-shaped articles in a conveyor line, and optically measuring at least one physical property of the bar-shaped articles. The device includes an optical measuring device structured and arranged to measure at least one physical property of the filter bars. The instant abstract is neither intended to define the invention disclosed in this specification nor intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for measuring the properties of multi-segmented filters (61 to 64) in the tobacco-processing industry by means of X-ray crystallographic analysis. The inventive device comprises a radiation source (81) and a radiation receiver (80, 82). A multi-segmented filter (61 to 64) can be radiated in an essentially uniform manner along the longitudinal axis by means of said radiation source (81). The invention also relates to a system for measuring the properties of rod-shaped articles and a method for assuring the quality of filter cigarettes having multi-segmented filters. The radiation receiver (82, 80) of the inventive device is arranged inside a conveying element (21, 31, 34) used to convey at least multi-segmented filters (61 to 64). The inventive system is provided with at least two measuring devices, one of which operates according to the reflection method while the other one uses X-ray crystallographic analysis.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for detecting foreign bodies within a continuously guided product stream. The method includes forming a fan-shaped light beam from collimated irradiation light, irradiating the product stream across its width with the fan-shaped light beam, and detecting at least a portion of detection light emanating from the product stream. The irradiating and detecting take place at least partially along a same optical beam path. The instant abstract is neither intended to define the invention disclosed in this specification nor intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of and to an apparatus for ascertaining at least one parameter of cigarette paper or the like, such as a running web of cigarette paper at least one side of which carries or should carry longitudinally spaced-apart coatings, e.g., consisting of silicate or cellulose and suitable to serve as so-called burning or combustion stops. A source of electromagnetic radiation cooperates with a polarizer to direct radiation against one side of the running web at an angle of between about 0° and 75° to the plane of the web at the locus of impingement of radiation. The radiation which has penetrated through the web is measured by a photosensitive detector which transmits corresponding signals to an evaluating arrangement serving to ascertain one or more characteristics of the coatings.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of and to an apparatus for ascertaining the transverse dimensions, such as diameters, of one or more rod-shaped articles, for example, continuous or finite-length cigarette rods and/or other rod-shaped smokers' products. When the method and/or the apparatus is utilized to ascertain the transverse dimensions of a single rod-shaped article, such as a continuous cigarette rod-which is stationary, which turns about its longitudinal axis and/or which is moved lengthwise, the apparatus can employ at least one radiation source which emits a beam of radiation against the stationary or moving article whereby the article intercepts a first portion of the beam and permits the remaining portion to impinge upon a device which evaluates the non-intercepted portion of the beam and generates signals denoting the diameter of the article.

Abstract: Apparatus for ascertaining the mass and/or the moisture content of successive increments of a running rod containing tobacco and/or filter material for tobacco smoke has a resonator housing with a cylindrical internal chamber which is disposed between an inlet and an outlet and wherein the rod is exposed to microwaves. The housing is made of a metallic material having a low thermal expansion coefficient, and its internal surface is lined with gold or another corrosion resistant substance. A protective plastic tube establishes a path for the rod from the inlet, across the chamber and into the outlet of the resonator housing.

Abstract: The diameters of successive rod-shaped articles of the tobacco processing industry are ascertained while the articles advance sideways at the periphery of a rotary drum-shaped conveyor and are rotated about their longitudinal axes as a result of frictional engagement with a rolling member which is adjacent the periphery of the conveyor. Successive articles which are being rotated by the rolling member are caused to interrupt a beam of radiation issuing from a laser, either once or more than once, and the amounts of intercepted radiation are indicative of the diameters of the respective articles. Such amounts of intercepted radiation are monitored by a video camera which generates electric signals, and the electric signals are processed into second signals denoting the diameters of discrete successively tested articles and/or the average diameters of series of two or more successively tested articles.

Abstract: Successive rod-shaped articles of the tobacco processing industry are conveyed transversely of their length along an arcuate path while advancing through a testing station wherein they are urged to impinge upon one or more sensors under the action of centrifugal force. The sensor or sensors transmit corresponding signals to one or more transducers which, in turn transmit signals to a processor wherein the signals are converted into signals denoting the actual weight of the tested articles. The apparatus can utilize piezoelectric transducers or other types of transducers, e.g., one or more extensometers.

Abstract: The resonance frequency and/or damping of a high-frequency oscillator which contains a variable impedance (such as a capacitor in a moisture detector for coffee or tobacco) is ascertained by generating first signals which denote the envelope curves of oscillations during intervals between successive excitations of the oscillator. Pairs of second signals denoting predetermined portions of envelope curves are transmitted to a dividing circuit, and the quotients of such pairs of second signals are indicative of the damping. Resonance frequency is ascertained by counting the number of oscillations per interval. Oscillations of the oscillator can be rectified prior to the generation of first signals.

Abstract: A measuring oscillator for detecting different physical parameters has an all-pass filter (1) which drives a current source (16) having a controllable amplification factor and a control device (17). The control device is connected to the control input of the current source (16) and controls its amplification factor so that the amplitude of the alternating voltage produced by the measuring oscillator assumes a constant value. The all-pass filter comprises a phase-determining bipolar circuit (10) comprising a voltage follower (12) having its input connected to the first pole (9) of the circuit (10) and its output connected through bridge circuit (28) to the inputs of a differential amplifier circuit (33). The four resistance elements (29-32) of the bridge circuit have resistance values varying with the physical parameters to be detected. The output of the differential amplifier circuit is connected through an ohmic resistor (41) to the first pole.

Abstract: A measuring oscillator for measuring temperature has an all-pass filter (1) which drives a current source (16) having a controllable amplification factor and a control element (17). The control element is connected to the control input of the current source (16) and controls its amplification factor in a manner such that the amplitude of the alternating voltage produced by the measuring oscillator assumes a constant value. The all-pass filter comprises a phase-determining bipolar circuit arrangement (10) comprising a voltage follower (12), whose input is connected to one terminal (9) of the circuit arrangement (10) and whose output is connected through an ohmic input resistor (13) to the inverting input of a first operational amplifier (14), which is fed back negatively through a measuring resistor (15) having a temperature-dependent ohmic resistance value. The output of the first op-amp also is connected through an ohmic resistor (41) to the one terminal (9) of the bipolar circuit arrangement.

Abstract: A method for rapid acquisition and handling of root mean square values of the time dependent current and/or voltage in single or multi-phase a.c. mains wherein each of these values is converted into two intermediate values shifted in phase by 90.degree. and fed into a computer circuit the output of which provides analog d.c. signals indicating the reactive or actual power, or the r.m.s. values of the voltage and current dependent upon the particular type of computer which is used. The analog d.c. signals are fed into a following regulator unit having an integrating portion to adjust a regulating value to serve as a nominal value which is then compared with an applied actual value and the difference therebetween is then fed into the regulator unit. The control signal at the output of the regulator unit is read periodically and transmitted to a final control element and the regulating value is adjusted during the course of one or a fraction of one cycle of the a.c. mains frequency.

Abstract: Apparatus for stabilizing the effects of single or multi-phase electrical power consumers with greatly fluctuating loads on the power supply mains in which the primaries of single or multi-phase leakage reactance transformers are connected in parallel with the consumer load. The secondaries of these transformers are short-circuited for each phase by means of a regulator at any time desired in functional relation to changes in the consumer load as determined by a measuring device.