Abstract: A closure element for closing the ends of pipes, in particular steel pipes, having a circular base cover whose outer diameter corresponds at most to the outer diameter of the pipe, having a side which faces towards the pipe interior and comprises at least two elastic clamping elements which in the assembled condition are supported on the inner surface of the pipe and clamp the base cover therewith. In order to permit universal usage, the closure element comprises means for selectively adjusting/changing the radial position of the clamping elements on the base cover.

Abstract: A closure element for closing the ends of pipes, in particular steel pipes, having a circular base cover whose outer diameter corresponds at most to the outer diameter of the pipe, having a side which faces towards the pipe interior and comprises at least two elastic clamping elements which in the assembled condition are supported on the inner surface of the pipe and clamp the base cover therewith. In order to permit universal usage, the closure element comprises means for selectively adjusting/changing the radial position of the clamping elements on the base cover.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process and a device for the determination of parameters of particles in electrolytes, in particular of biological particles, whereby the particles to be measured are flushed through a measure pore which consists of a multilayer system. The process is characterized in that the particles are alternatingly exposed to different electrical potentials during the passage and that the signals obtained due to the interaction of the different potentials with the particles are then combined with each other. Preferably, the signals measured with a temporal offset are combined so that the resulting signals have different signs. The device has a measurement pore made up of a multilayer system, whereby electrically conducting and nonconducting layers are disposed alternatingly and whereby the measurement pore runs crosswise through the various layers.

Abstract: In order to achieve a positioning close to a combustion chamber of a swivelling axis between a connecting rod and a piston, a curved surface region facing a piston head of a tensioned band which is subjected only to tractive stress and is looped around a connecting rod shank, forms also the pressure transmitting component of a pivot bearing in that it rests directly on a bearing surface on the piston head.

Abstract: A connecting rod shank of a connecting rod is composed of a plurality of laminated plates having a thickness so that they can be introduced through a gap provided in a partially cylindrical base body of a loop tensioner for a tightening band which encloses the connecting rod shank.

Abstract: In order to achieve defined fiber orientation angles in the fiber-reinforced plastic material of a hollow shaft, consisting of such material, the hollow shaft having regions of different diameters, a braided fiber tube constituting the starting material is pulled over a core, is impregnated with settable plastic, and is hardened.