Abstract: In a method and apparatus for measuring pressure, sound and vibration, particularly for the flow analysis on missiles or airplanes, a sensor device which is used to sense pressure or sound waves, is linked to a structure of a structural part in order to measure forces acting upon the structural part surface. The sensor device is arranged completely inside the structure of the structural part or on the rear side of the structural part surface. In particular, the sensor device may comprise a piezoelectric foil which is situated under the structural part surface.

Abstract: Device for modeling or simulating the sense of touch for medical, especially surgical purposes such as operations using medical instruments, characterized in that at least one sensor array which is sensitive to force, pressure, or travel and an actuator array are combined in the instrument to form a "feeling" or "tactile" unit (A, B) in such manner that one controls the other.

Abstract: A micromechanical actuator is suggested, the movable part of which, such as the diaphragm, the bending bar or a similar device, can be moved relative to a stationary part by a combination of electromagnetic and electrostatic forces. The manufacturing techniques and the applications of the actuator are described. The construction is very compact, that is, highly integrated.