Abstract: An apparatus contains at least one pressure-rated apparatus shell and at least one modular framework system containing ceramic fiber composite materials and arranged within the apparatus shell. A modular lining apparatus includes the modular framework system and refractory bricks. The apparatus can be used for high-temperature reactors, especially electrically heated high-temperature reactors.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrically heatable packed pressure-bearing apparatus for conducting endothermic reactions having an upper (3), middle (1) and lower (3) apparatus section, where at least one pair of electrodes (4, 5) in a vertical arrangement is installed in the middle section (1) and all electrodes are disposed in an electrically conductive solid-state packing (26), the upper and lower apparatus sections have a specific conductivity of 105 S/m to 108 S/m, and the middle apparatus section is electrically insulated against the solid-state packing, wherein the upper and lower apparatus sections are electrically insulated from the middle apparatus section, the upper electrode is connected via the upper apparatus section and the lower electrodes via the lower apparatus section or the electrodes are each connected via one or more connecting elements (10, 16) that are in electrical contact with these sections and the ratio of the cross-sectional areas of the upper and lower electrode to the cr

Abstract: A circular carbon process involves: a) reacting hydrogen and carbon monoxide to produce methane and water, b) decomposing methane into carbon and hydrogen, and c) using carbon as reducing agent and/or using carbon in a carbon-containing material as reducing agent, in a chemical process to produce carbon monoxide and a reduced substance. The methane produced in a) is used in b), the carbon produced in b) is used in c), and carbon monoxide produced in c) is used in a).

Abstract: Carbon black can be used for soil conditioning, e.g. to promote growth of plants, to promote soil drainage, and to prevent erosion, evaporation, and silting up. The carbon back is worked into the topsoil.

Abstract: A process can be used for performing a pyrolysis of hydrocarbons in a rotary drum reactor at a temperature in the range of from 600 to 1800° C. The heat for the endothermic pyrolysis is provided by resistive heating of at least one particulate electrically conductive material introduced into said rotary drum reactor and moved through the rotary drum reactor with a flow of a hydrocarbon. The rotary drum reactor contains (A) an inner wall made of electrically insulated material, (B) a pressure-bearing outer wall, and (C) an electrical heating system attached to the inner wall and/or at least one integrated electrically conducting electrode pair. The at least one electrode pair is located at both ends of the inner wall of the rotary drum.

Abstract: A method can be used for operating a descending moving bed reactor with flowable granular material. The method involves: (i) filling an upper lock-hopper with granular material and/or emptying a lower lock-hopper, (ii) purging the lock-hoppers with purging gas, and (iii) filling the reaction chamber containing a descending moving bed from the upper lock-hopper and/or emptying the reaction chamber into the lower lock-hopper. The pressure equalization between the reaction chamber and lock-hopper is achieved with product gas. The method then involves: (iv) optionally, relieving the lock-hoppers and conveying the product gas flow into the product line, and (v) purging the lock-hoppers with purging gas.

Abstract: A reactor for carrying out an endothermic reaction, in particular a high-temperature reaction, in which a product gas is obtained from a feed gas, wherein: the reactor surrounds a reactor interior; the reactor is configured to provide a reactor bed in a reaction zone of the reactor interior, which reactor bed comprises a large number of solid material particles; the reactor is also configured to guide the feed gas into the reaction zone; in order to heat the feed gas, the reactor is designed to heat the solid material particles in the reaction zone such that, by transferring heat from the solid material particles to the feed gas, the feed gas in the reaction zone can be heated to a reaction temperature in order to participate as a starting product in the endothermic reaction for producing the product gas.

Abstract: The present invention relates to processes for producing microparticles having, in their interior, at least one cavity which is connected via pores to the surface of the microparticles and which have been laden with at least one organic active of low molecular weight. The invention especially relates to a process for loading microparticles with at least one organic active of low molecular weight, wherein the active has been embedded in a matrix and/or the pores of the microparticles have been closed by means of a substance applied to the surface of the microparticles. The invention additionally relates to a process for sealing microparticles laden with at least one organic active of low molecular weight. The invention also relates to compositions of microparticles laden with at least one active of low molecular weight and to the use thereof.

Abstract: An apparatus contains at least one pressure-rated apparatus shell and at least one modular framework system containing ceramic fiber composite materials and arranged within the apparatus shell. A modular lining apparatus includes the modular framework system and. refractory bricks. The apparatus can be used for high-temperature reactors, especially electrically heated high-temperature reactors.

Abstract: The present invention provides a mixture comprising at least three hardener components a1), a2), and b), the ratio of hardener component a1) to a2) being in the range from 0.1 to 10:1, and hardener component b) being present at 5% to 55% by weight, based on the mixture, a process for preparing this mixture, the use of the mixture of the invention for curing epoxy resins, the use of the mixture of the invention with epoxy resins as adhesives, and an epoxy resin cured with the mixture of the invention.

Abstract: The present invention provides a blend comprising one or more epoxy resins and a mixture which comprises 0.3 to 0.9 amine equivalent, per equivalent of epoxide of the epoxy resin used, of a hardener component a) and as hardener component b) a compound of the formula I, a process for preparing this blend, the use of the blend of the invention for producing cured epoxy resin, and an epoxy resin cured with the blend of the invention.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing moldings, the curing of the mold being carried out using a blend comprising one or more epoxy resins and a mixture, the curing component a) being used within the mixture in the range from 0.3 to 0.9 amine equivalent per equivalent of epoxide of the epoxy resin used, and the hardener component b) being a compound of the formula I.

Abstract: The present invention provides a blend comprising one or more epoxy resins and a mixture which comprises 0.3 to 0.9 amine equivalent, per equivalent of epoxide of the epoxy resin used, of a hardener component a) and as hardener component b) a compound of the formula I, a process for preparing this blend, the use of the blend of the invention for producing cured epoxy resin, and an epoxy resin cured with the blend of the invention.

Abstract: The present invention provides a blend comprising one or more epoxy resins and a mixture which comprises 0.3 to 0.9 amine equivalent, per equivalent of epoxide of the epoxy resin used, of a hardener component a) and as hardener component b) a compound of the formula I, a process for preparing this blend, the use of the blend of the invention for producing cured epoxy resin, and an epoxy resin cured with the blend of the invention.

Abstract: The present invention provides a blend comprising one or more epoxy resins and a mixture which comprises 0.3 to 0.9 amine equivalent, per equivalent of epoxide of the epoxy resin used, of a hardener component a) and as hardener component b) a compound of the formula I, a process for preparing this blend, the use of the blend of the invention for producing cured epoxy resin, and an epoxy resin cured with the blend of the invention.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing moldings, the curing of the mold being carried out using a blend comprising one or more epoxy resins and a mixture, the curing component a) being used within the mixture in the range from 0.3 to 0.9 amine equivalent per equivalent of epoxide of the epoxy resin used, and the hardener component b) being a compound of the formula I.

Abstract: The present invention provides a mixture comprising at least three hardener components a1), a2), and b), the ratio of hardener component a1) to a2) being in the range from 0.1 to 10:1, and hardener component b) being present at 5% to 55% by weight, based on the mixture, a process for preparing this mixture, the use of the mixture of the invention for curing epoxy resins, the use of the mixture of the invention with epoxy resins as adhesives, and an epoxy resin cured with the mixture of the invention.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing solid oral dosage forms with sustained release of active ingredient, comprising at least one active ingredient, a preformulated mixture of polyvinyl acetate and polyvinylpyrrolidone, where appropriate, water-soluble polymers or lipophilic additives and, where appropriate, other conventional excipients, wherein this mixture or parts of this mixture are granulated by heating to from 40° C. to 130° C., and the granules are, after admixture with conventional excipients, subsequently tabletted.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing solid oral dosage forms with sustained release of active ingredient, comprising at least one active ingredient, a preformulated mixture of polyvinyl acetate and polyvinylpyrrolidone, where appropriate, water-soluble polymers or lipophilic additives and, where appropriate, other conventional excipients, wherein this mixture or parts of this mixture are granulated by heating to from 40° C. to 130° C., and the granules are, after admixture with conventional excipients, subsequently tabletted.

Abstract: The present invention relates to adhesives comprising at least one silicon-comprising copolymer of C1-C20-alkyl (meth)acrylates and at least one ethylenically unsaturated acid anhydride or one ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid whose carboxyl groups can form an anhydride group, or mixtures thereof, or at least one monomer comprising an isocyanate group and capable of free radical copolymerization.