Abstract: An apparatus, for automated sampling from vessels that may be under a high pressure, is achieved by a specific construction with multiple multiport valves. A method of automated sampling can be used with the apparatus.

Abstract: A method for producing a dopant profile is provided. The method includes starting from a surface of a wafer-shaped semiconductor component by introducing dopant atoms into the semiconductor component. The dopant-containing layer is produced on or in a region of the surface in order to produce a provisional first dopant profile and then a plurality of semiconductor components having a corresponding layer is subjected to heat treatment on top of one another in the form of a stack in order to produce a second dopant profile having a greater depth in comparison to the first dopant profile.

Abstract: A method for chemically treating a disc-shaped substrate having a bottom surface, a top surface and side surfaces by contacting a process medium that is fluid-chemically active with at least the bottom surface of the substrate. The substrate is moved relative to the process medium while forming a triple line between the substrate, the substrate medium and the atmosphere surrounding the substrate and medium. In order to chemically remove errors, particularly in the side surfaces, relative motion should be carried out while avoiding a contacting of the process medium with the top surface of the substrate, where the triple line is formed at a desired height of the side surface facing away from the process medium flow side in relation to the relative motion between the substrate and the process medium.

Abstract: Process for producing strip-shaped and/or point-shaped electrically conducting contacts on a semiconductor component like a solar cell, includes the steps of applying a moist material forming the contacts in a desired striplike and/or point-like arrangement on at least one exterior surface of the semiconductor component; drying the moist material by heating the semiconductor component to a temperature T1 and keeping the semiconductor element at temperature T1 over a time t1; sintering the dried material by heating the semiconductor component to a temperature T2 and keeping the semiconductor component at temperature T2 over a time t2; cooling the semiconductor component to a temperature T3 that is equal or roughly equal to room temperature, and keeping the semiconductor component at temperature T3 over a time T3; cooling the semiconductor component to a temperature T4 with T4??35° C.

Abstract: A method for producing a dopant profile is provided. The method includes starting from a surface of a wafer-shaped semiconductor component by introducing dopant atoms into the semiconductor component. The dopant-containing layer is produced on or in a region of the surface in order to produce a provisional first dopant profile and then a plurality of semiconductor components having a corresponding layer is subjected to heat treatment on top of one another in the form of a stack in order to produce a second dopant profile having a greater depth in comparison to the first dopant profile.

Abstract: A method for chemically treating a disc-shaped substrate having a bottom surface, a top surface and side surfaces by contacting a process medium that is fluid-chemically active with at least the bottom surface of the substrate. The substrate is moved relative to the process medium while forming a triple line between the substrate, the substrate medium and the atmosphere surrounding the substrate and medium. In order to chemically remove errors, particularly in the side surfaces, relative motion should be carried out while avoiding a contacting of the process medium with the top surface of the substrate, where the triple line is formed at a desired height of the side surface facing away from the process medium flow side in relation to the relative motion between the substrate and the process medium. In this way, the atmosphere can be adjusted in relation to the partial pressures of the components in the process medium such that the top surface preserves hydrophobic characteristics.

Abstract: The solar module for converting radiation energy, in particular sunlight, into electrical energy, includes a solar cell (12) that converts radiation energy into electrical energy, an electrical conductor (24) to conduct the electrical energy, an encapsulation (14) encasing the solar cell (12) to protect the solar cell (12), which includes one or more panes (16) of glass to protect and stabilize the solar cell (12) and a layer (22) of embedment material into which the solar cell (12) is laminated or cast, and a body (26) fused into the pane (16) of glass to conduct the electrical energy or to pass an electrical conductor (24) through the pane of glass (16). Furthermore, a method for fusing the body (26) into the one or more panes (16) of glass of the solar module is also described.

Abstract: A method for producing at least one functional layer on at least one region of a surface of a semiconductor component by applying a liquid to at least the one region, where the functional layer has a layer thickness d1 and the liquid required for forming the functional layer having the thickness d1 has a layer thickness d2. In order that functional layers having a desired thin and uniform thickness are produced in a reproducible manner, it is proposed that the liquid is applied to the at least one region of the surface in excess with a layer thickness d3 where d3>d2 and that subsequently, either with the semiconductor component moved in translational fashion or with the semiconductor component arranged in stationary fashion, excess liquid is removed from the surface in a contactless manner to an extent such that the liquid layer has the thickness d2 or approximately the thickness d2.

Abstract: Process for producing strip-shaped and/or point-shaped electrically conducting contacts on a semiconductor component like a solar cell, includes the steps of applying a moist material forming the contacts in a desired striplike and/or point-like arrangement on at least one exterior surface of the semiconductor component; drying the moist material by heating the semiconductor component to a temperature T1 and keeping the semiconductor element at temperature T1 over a time t1; sintering the dried material by heating the semiconductor component to a temperature T2 and keeping the semiconductor component at temperature T2 over a time t2; cooling the semiconductor component to a temperature T3 that is equal or roughly equal to room temperature, and keeping the semiconductor component at temperature T3 over a time T3; cooling the semiconductor component to a temperature T4 with T4??35° C.

Abstract: A medicament containing a compound of the following formulas (Ia) and (Ib): wherein Z is selected from the group consisting of a covalent bond, at least one at least divalent hetero atom, a saturated, unsaturated, branched, unbranched and/or cyclic, substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon chain, a saturated or unsaturated, branched, unbranched and/or cyclic, substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon chain provided with hetero atoms in the chain thereof, or combinations thereof; R?1 to R?4 and R?1 to R?5 independently represent H, at least one hetero atom, especially oxygen, nitrogen or halogens, a saturated, unsaturated, branched, unbranched and/or cyclic, substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon chain, a saturated or unsaturated, branched, unbranched and/or cyclic, substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon chain provided with hetero atoms in the chain thereof, or combinations thereof; the two cyclopentadienyl rings are optionally linked together via any of residues R?1 to R?5; R1 and R2 independently r

Abstract: A process and apparatus for determining the damage on at least one cyclically moving machine component, whereby a signal caused by the motion of the component is picked up by a sensor. At least one portion of the signal with an adjustable period is separated, and the remaining or separated part of the signal is subjected to damage analysis. In addition, a process and apparatus for separating periodic signal portions from a signal is provided, whereby the signal is supplied as an input signal to a rotating ring storage which is formed by cyclically arranged storage elements which are supplied in succession with the input signal currently at the input of the ring storage. A rotation frequency is synchronized with the period duration of the desired signal portions, and the desired signal portions are obtained as the output signal of the ring storage.

Abstract: A decomposition device and a method for decomposing gases with soot or other harmful substances has a processing station using dielectrically hindered discharge. The device has at least two electrodes, one of which is a porous and gas permeable electrode. In order to decompose the gas containing harmful substances, the gas is first introduced into a processing station in which the gas is subjected to plasma processing involving an alternate voltage supply, and from which the gas is let out. The gas is introduced through one end of the processing station formed by the two electrodes.

Abstract: A method for producing a multi-crystalline semiconductor material by crystallization from a melt of a base material in which vibration energy in the sonic or ultrasonic range is acoustically coupled by a gaseous transmission medium into the solidifying or cooling material during solidification of the melt and/or during subsequent further cooling. The parameters of this vibration energy are harmonized with the parameters of the melt and the cooling time in such a manner that the dislocation energy in the cooled multi-crystalline material is considerably lower than where there is no vibration energy coupling during the cooling time.

Abstract: A system for monitoring units excited by oscillations, having a computer-controlled central processing unit and a computer-controlled, transportable measuring apparatus. The measuring apparatus is programmed by the central processing unit, by way of a data transmission, with at least some measuring points which can be inspected in a prescribable time period within prescribable time limits from a total number of measuring points assigned to the units. The measuring points are automatically displayed in the measuring apparatus and are processed using the measuring apparatus, in order to execute a measuring task determined by the central processing unit. After ending the route, the measuring apparatus transmits the measured data to the central processing unit by way of a data transmission. The central processing unit has an evaluator and/or display for the measured data.

Abstract: Each electrode comprises a shaft (6) and a head (5), the shaft being sealed in a vacuum-tight fashion in each case in an end region (2, 22) of the discharge vessel. At least one electrode is cooled by virtue of the fact that its shaft contains a cooling tube system in which a coolant (11) circulates. Said cooling tube system is surrounded at a spacing by an additional enveloping tube (9, 16), the interspace (10, 20) between the enveloping tube and cooling tube system being fitted with a means of thermal insulation.

Abstract: A portable electronic vibration measurement device, detects a large number of structure-borne sound signals using a predetermined sequence of a plurality of specific individual measurements each plurality of measurements taken at a different sampling frequency.

Abstract: The invention concerns a high pressure discharge bulb. Such bulbs involve a wo-sided sealed bulb with and without an outer bulb. The bulb is sealed by a pinch on at least one side. It generally has a discharge vessel made of quartz. These bulbs particularly comprise metal halide bulbs, which have a metal halide filling in addition to mercury, but they also include mercury high pressure discharge bulbs or xenon high pressure discharge bulbs. The bulbs are used preferably for optical systems, particularly larly for photo-optical purposes, for example, in head-lights, overhead projectors, and decorative lighting devices. They particularly find application in lighting systems for the stage, film and television. Typical lamp powers are 400 to 2000 W. A discharge lamp pinched on each end has pinches in which the ratio of the total width of each wide side is smaller than or equal to 2.2 times the thickness of the wide side. Tube pieces carrying the base sleeves are formed on the outer ends of the pinches.

Abstract: To permit high lamp currents to be applied to lamp electrodes (5, 6) of a discharge vessel (2) from which two elongated necks (3, 4) extend via current supply leads (23, 35), the discharge vessel is first made as a generally rotation-symmetrical element, to which tubular cylindrical neck tubes (17) are sealed. A cylindrical plug element (26, 40) is placed in the neck tube adjacent the discharge vessel. A subassembly is then made of a core element, which can be constructed as a single or a composite structure of quartz glass, for example by telescopically fitting quartz glass tubes over a central core, and melt-sealing the tubes and core together. Molybdenum disks (7, 8; 22) are placed against the end faces of the core element, and a plurality, for example four, molybdenum connecting foils (11-16, 27) are secured to the circumferences of the disks, to axially connect them together.

Abstract: To provide a high-pressure lamp capable of carrying lamp currents of 100 eres and higher, an essentially rotation-symmetrical discharge space (2) has two cylindrical necks (3, 4) melt-sealed thereto. Each one of the necks is formed of at least two telescoped hollow cylindrical quartz glass tubes (19, 27) which, with sealing foils circumferentially located within the neck, are all gas-tightly melt-sealed together. The sealing foils, typically of molybdenum, are electrically connected to a molybdenum disk (7, 8), for example by being welded to the circumference thereof which, in turn, is soldered to an end portion of an electrode shaft (5, 6), typically of tungsten, which extends into the discharge space of the discharge vessel.