Abstract: A catalyst includes a support, where the support includes an external surface, about 60 wt % to about 99 wt % silica, and about 1.0 wt % to about 5.0 wt % alumina. A catalytic layer is disposed within the support adjacent to the external surface, where the catalytic layer further includes Pd, Au, and potassium acetate (KOAc). In the catalyst, (a) the KOAc is from about 60 kg/m3 to about 150 kg/m3 of the catalyst; or (b) the catalytic layer has an average thickness from about 50 ?m to about 150 ?m; or (c) both (a) and (b). The catalyst also possesses a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area of about 130 m2/g to about 300 m2/g and a geometric surface area per packed bed volume from about 550 m2/m3 to about 1500 m2/m3. The catalyst is highly active for the synthesis of vinyl acetate monomer and exhibits a high selectivity for vinyl acetate monomer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for producing a battery material including contacting a first intermediate product of a battery material with an acidic medium under conditions sufficient to dissolve low-lithium-containing oxide present on a surface of the first intermediate product to obtain a second intermediate product such that a weight of the second intermediate product is 0.2% to 5% less than a weight of the first intermediate product.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for removing impurities from an intermediate product in battery material production including a) contacting a first intermediate product with a first aqueous medium to obtain a second intermediate product; and b) contacting the second intermediate product with a stream of a second aqueous medium until a conductivity of the stream of the second aqueous medium after contacting the second intermediate product is below about 1,000 micro-Siemens per centimeter (?S/cm).

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods of recycling elements, such as, e.g., lithium and/or nickel, from a solution, such as, e.g., methods of recovering reusable lithium and nickel from a waste stream produced by the delithiation of a lithium nickel oxide material.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are processes for isolating purified water from a waste stream, such as, e.g., a waste stream formed in the manufacture or recycling of batteries, and further e.g., processes for isolating purified water suitable for use in downstream industrial processes from a waste stream generated during delithiation of a lithium metal oxide material.

Abstract: Provided are processes for extracting lithium and optionally nickel from a Nickel(II)/Lithium(I) (Ni2+/Li+) solution. The extraction is optionally performed in a series of steps with counterflow of aqueous and organic flows to thereby produce a lithium poor solution. The lithium poor solution may be treated so that remaining Ni in the lithium poor solution may be directly precipitated therefrom in the form of a Ni salt. Once complete, the process provides for recoverable nickel and/or lithium that may be recycled into batteries or sold for other uses.

Abstract: Provided are processes of removing lithium from an electrochemically active composition. The process of removing lithium from an electrochemically active composition may include providing an electrochemically active composition and combining the electrochemically active composition with a strong oxidizer optionally at a pH of 1.5 or greater for a lithium removal time. The electrochemically active composition may include Li, Ni, and O. The electrochemically active composition may optionally have an initial Li/M at % ratio of 0.8 to 1.3. According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the lithium removal time may be such that a second Li/M at % ratio following the lithium removal time is 0.6 or less, thereby forming a delithiated electrochemically active composition.

Abstract: Provided are processes for extracting lithium and optionally nickel from a Nickel(II)/Lithium(I) (Ni2+/Li+) solution. The extraction is optionally performed in a series of steps with counterflow of aqueous and organic flows to thereby produce a lithium poor solution. The lithium poor solution may be treated so that remaining Ni in the lithium poor solution may be directly precipitated therefrom in the form of a Ni salt. Once complete, the process provides for recoverable nickel and/or lithium that may be recycled into batteries or sold for other uses.

Abstract: A catalyst includes a support, where the support includes an external surface, about 60 wt % to about 99 wt % silica, and about 1.0 wt % to about 5.0 wt % alumina. A catalytic layer is disposed within the support adjacent to the external surface, where the catalytic layer further includes Pd, Au, and potassium acetate (KOAc). In the catalyst, (a) the KOAc is from about 60 kg/m3 to about 150 kg/m3 of the catalyst; or (b) the catalytic layer has an average thickness from about 50 ?m to about 150 ?m; or (c) both (a) and (b). The catalyst also possesses a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area of about 130 m2/g to about 300 m2/g and a geometric surface area per packed bed volume from about 550 m2/m3 to about 1500 m2/m3. The catalyst is highly active for the synthesis of vinyl acetate monomer and exhibits a high selectivity for vinyl acetate monomer.

Abstract: A catalyst includes a support, where the support includes an external surface, about 60 wt % to about 99 wt % silica, and about 1.0 wt % to about 5.0 wt % alumina. A catalytic layer is disposed within the support adjacent to the external surface, where the catalytic layer further includes Pd, Au, and potassium acetate (KOAc). In the catalyst, (a) the KOAc is from about 60 kg/m3 to about 150 kg/m3 of the catalyst; or (b) the catalytic layer has an average thickness from about 50 ?m to about 150 ?m; or (c) both (a) and (b). The catalyst also possesses a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area of about 130 m2/g to about 300 m2/g and a geometric surface area per packed bed volume from about 550 m2/m3 to about 1500 m2/m3. The catalyst is highly active for the synthesis of vinyl acetate monomer and exhibits a high selectivity for vinyl acetate monomer.

Abstract: A catalyst includes a support, where the support includes an external surface, about 60 wt % to about 99 wt % silica, and about 1.0 wt % to about 5.0 wt % alumina. A catalytic layer is disposed within the support adjacent to the external surface, where the catalytic layer further includes Pd, Au, and potassium acetate (KOAc). In the catalyst, (a) the KOAc is from about 60 kg/m3 to about 150 kg/m3 of the catalyst; or (b) the catalytic layer has an average thickness from about 50 ?m to about 150 ?m; or (c) both (a) and (b). The catalyst also possesses a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area of about 130 m2/g to about 300 m2/g and a geometric surface area per packed bed volume from about 550 m2/m3 to about 1500 m2/m3. The catalyst is highly active for the synthesis of vinyl acetate monomer and exhibits a high selectivity for vinyl acetate monomer.

Abstract: A catalyst includes a support, where the support includes an external surface, about 60 wt % to about 99 wt % silica, and about 1.0 wt % to about 5.0 wt % alumina. A catalytic layer is disposed within the support adjacent to the external surface, where the catalytic layer further includes Pd, Au, and potassium acetate (KOAc). In the catalyst, (a) the KOAc is from about 60 kg/m3 to about 150 kg/m3 of the catalyst; or (b) the catalytic layer has an average thickness from about 50 ?m to about 150 ?m; or (c) both (a) and (b). The catalyst also possesses a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area of about 130 m2/g to about 300 m2/g and a geometric surface area per packed bed volume from about 550 m2/m3 to about 1500 m2/m3. The catalyst is highly active for the synthesis of vinyl acetate monomer and exhibits a high selectivity for vinyl acetate monomer.

Abstract: A catalyst includes a support, where the support includes an external surface, about 60 wt % to about 99 wt % silica, and about 1.0 wt % to about 5.0 wt % alumina. A catalytic layer is disposed within the support adjacent to the external surface, where the catalytic layer further includes Pd, Au, and potassium acetate (KOAc). In the catalyst, (a) the KOAc is from about 60 kg/m3 to about 150 kg/m3 of the catalyst; or (b) the catalytic layer has an average thickness from about 50 ?m to about 150 ?m; or (c) both (a) and (b). The catalyst also possesses a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area of about 130 m2/g to about 300 m2/g and a geometric surface area per packed bed volume from about 550 m2/m3 to about 1500 m2/m3. The catalyst is highly active for the synthesis of vinyl acetate monomer and exhibits a high selectivity for vinyl acetate monomer.

Abstract: A packed bed includes a vessel including a shell, an inlet, and an outlet, wherein the space inside the shell between the inlet and outlet forms an internal volume; a plurality of packing material structures filling at least a portion of the internal volume thereby forming a packed volume, wherein the packed volume has a void fraction, and the packing material structures provide an aggregate surface area; and the vessel has a pressure drop between the vessel inlet and vessel outlet, wherein the pressure drop is less than 1.0 times that of a packed bed of the non-twisted shapes with the same cross-section.