Abstract: Calender and process for treating a web with a roll stack that includes a plurality of rolls having two end rolls and several intermediate rolls arranged between the two end rolls. The plurality of rolls are arranged such that adjacent rolls, including a first and a second roll, of the plurality of rolls are positionable to form nips, and the adjacent rolls have deflections which differ from each other so that the second roll is positioned adjacent a convex side of the first roll, and the second roll has a weaker deflection than the first roll.

Abstract: Calender and process for treating a web with a roll stack that includes a plurality of rolls having two end rolls and several intermediate rolls arranged between the two end rolls. The plurality of rolls are arranged such that adjacent rolls, including a first and a second roll, of the plurality of rolls are positionable to form nips, and the adjacent rolls have deflections which differ from each other so that the second roll is positioned adjacent a convex side of the first roll, and the second roll has a weaker deflection than the first roll.

Abstract: A calender includes at least one roller stack. The upper roller and lower roller of the roller stacks are deflection compensation rollers. The upper roller and/or the lower roller have an outer covering made of a flexible plastic and is designed to bend easily. The roller adjacent to the upper and lower roller is a hard roller.

Abstract: A roller bearing apparatus for supporting a compensation roller that is disposed adjacent to a roller of a roller stack. The compensation roller has an axis. The roller stack has an axis. A plane is defined by the compensation roller axis and the roller stack roller axis. A bearing support is disposed in a frame. The bearing support receives a ball joint. The bearing support is movable relative to the frame to act as a lever. The bearing support pivots about a pivot point. A pressure transducer is disposed between the frame and the bearing support. The pressure transducer acts in a direction that is disposed exterior to the ball joint. The pressure transducer extends on both sides of the plane and acts perpendicularly to the plane.

Abstract: A calender for treating a paper web includes a roller stack being loaded with a load on one end. The calender has at least two hard rollers each having a substantially smooth outer surface. The at least two hard rollers each have a device for heating a surface of the roller to a temperature of at least 100.degree. C. The calender also includes at least two soft rollers, wherein each of the at least two soft rollers is disposed adjacent to at least one of the at least two hard rollers to form a working nip therebetween. At least one working nip has a dwell time of the paper web passing through the working nip of at least 0.1 ms. The load on the rollers produces an average compressive stress in the at least one working nip of at least 42 N/mm.sup.2. An arithmetic mean of the numerical value of the surface temperature T, the dwell time t and the compressive stress p in all of the working nips satisfies the following relationship:a target value Zg=1.378-0.00356.multidot.T-(0.00825-5.12.multidot.10.sup.-5 T)p-?0.

Abstract: A winding device for supporting a winding roller for web material, in particular, for paper, has a supporting arrangement which works from underneath in opposition to a deflection of the winding roller and which creates a compressed air cushion between the supporting arrangement and the winding roller. The air cushion is created by means of an over-pressure in a space between the support rollers that are placed underneath the winding roller. However, due to the changing winding radius, the sealing at the ends of the winding space is difficult to maintain.

Abstract: An apparatus for winding a continuous incoming paper web on a reel-spool. The apparatus includes a fixed winding station, a fixed take-up station and a contact pressure roll. The roll continuously lies against the circumference of a secondary reel during the winding process. The web is conveyed so that it enters continuously into the inlet gap without looping.

Abstract: A bearing for a heated calendar roll comprises a bearing ring having a first surface. The bearing is rotatable about an axis. A first radially fixed hydrostatic bearing arcuate segment has a first surface which mates with the first surface of the bearing ring. The hydrostatic bearing has at least one bearing pocket. The bearing pocket has a device for permitting hydraulic fluid to flow into the at least one bearing pocket. The hydrostatic bearing is disposed substantially at a circumferential position with respect to the bearing which corresponds to a bearing load from the calendar roll. A second hydrostatic bearing arcuate segment has a first surface which mates with the first surface of the bearing ring. The second hydrostatic bearing has a first radially adjustable bearing pocket. The radially adjustable bearing pocket has a device for permitting hydraulic fluid to flow into the radially adjustable bearing pocket.

Abstract: A magazine for temporary storage of elastic supercalender rolls has a frame for a rotor which can be driven to rotate about a horizontal axis and has two axially spaced-apart sections each carrying a set of equidistant cradles for the end portions of rolls. Each cradle has a socket for the end portion of a roll, and the cradles are maintained in such orientation that the open sides of their sockets face upwardly while the rotor turns about the horizontal axis and the cradles orbit about such axis. A stationary inflatable tire is mounted in the frame to rotate the rolls about their respective axes while the rotor is caused to rotate about the horizontal axis.

Abstract: An apparatus for exchanging elastic rolls in a supercalender has a platform which is movable up and down between the frame of a supercalender and a magazine for spare rolls. The platform supports two cracks with horizontally movable guides for two supports which can engage the end portions of an elastic roll from below before the guides and the supports are moved horizontally to transfer the roll from the supercalender, across the platform and into the magazine. In order to temporarily detach guide rolls which are installed in front of elastic rolls, the platform further supports two tracks for jaw-shaped supports for the end portions of a guide roll which is transferred into the apparatus and remains in the apparatus at a level above the tracks for the supports which transfer elastic rolls.

Abstract: The cylindrical shell of a roll in a calender is rotatable about and is movable radially of a stationary carrier. The shell receives torque from a gear which is rotatably journalled in a housing. The housing is movable radially of the shell by a motor operated in response to signals from a monitoring device which ascertains deviations of the position of the shell from a preselected position. Adjustments of the housing relative to the carrier are proportional to or match the extent of deviation of the position of the shell from the preselected position.

Abstract: A rotary pressure applying roll which defines with a parallel complementary roll a nip for a running web of paper, textile or other flexible sheet material in a calender or the like has a cylindrical shell surrounding a stationary carrier in the form of a rigid shaft. A bearing element is installed between the shell and the carrier and several hydraulic pressure generating devices are mounted between the carrier and the bearing element to urge the latter against the internal surface of the shell. The pressure generating devices are spaced apart from each other, as considered in the circumferential direction of the shell, and the cylinder chamber of each such device can receive pressurized hydraulic fluid at a different pressure. The axis of a main pressure generating device is normally located in the common plane of the axes of the shell and of the complementary roll.

Abstract: A rotary cylinder for use in a calender has a roller with a hollow cylindrical sleeve and two trunnions secured to the end portions of the sleeve. The roller contains a coaxial displacing component which defines with the sleeve an annular clearance for the flow of a cooling or heating fluid, such fluid being admitted through one of the trunnions and being evacuated through the one or the other trunnion. One or more prestressed elastic cushions are interposed between the displacing component and the roller to compensate for and to counteract eventual radial and or axial movements of a portion of or the entire displacing component as a result or unequal heating or cooling of the roller and displacing component. A single cushion may constitute a hollow conical frustum or a hollow cylinder. If the roller contains several cushions, such cushions may constitute discrete disks or ribs which are integral with the displacing component and contact the internal surface of the sleeve.