Abstract: A method of producing an alkaline single ion conductor with high conductivity includes: a) providing a hydrocarbon oligomer or polymer having immobilized acidic substituent groups selected from the group consisting of a sulfonic acid group, sulfamide group, a phosphonic acid group, or a carboxy group, in its alkaline ion form wherein at least a part of the acidic protons of the substituent groups have been exchanged against alkali cations, and b) solvating the hydrocarbon oligomer or polymer of step a) in an aprotic polar solvent for a sufficient time to effect a solvent uptake of at least 5% by weight and to obtain a solvated product, wherein the molar ratio of solvent/alkaline cation is 1:1 to 10,000:1, and which solvated product has a conductivity of at least 10?5 S/cm at room temperature (24° C.).

Abstract: A copolymer containing, in addition to recurring elements of a sulfonated poly(arylene) containing exclusively recurring structural element(s) of the general formulas —[—Ar1(SO3M)n-X—]— and —[—Ar2(SO3M)n-Y—]—, wherein X and Y, which are identical or different from each other, each represent an electron-acceptor group, Ar1 and Ar2, which are either identical or different from each other, represent an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 5-18 ring atoms; wherein the aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system, in addition to the SO3M and the substituents X and Y, optionally comprises additional substituents which are not electron-donor groups; M represents monovalent cation and n is an integral number between 1 and 4; and wherein X, Y, Ar1, Ar2, M and n can be identical or different in various structural elements, independently of each other, one or several additional elements of at least one additional monomer or macromonomer.

Abstract: A method of producing an alkaline single ion conductor with high conductivity includes: a) providing a hydrocarbon oligomer or polymer having immobilized acidic substituent groups selected from the group consisting of a sulfonic acid group, sulfamide group, a phosphonic acid group, or a carboxy group, in its alkaline ion form wherein at least a part of the acidic protons of the substituent groups have been exchanged against alkali cations, and b) solvating the hydro-carbon oligomer or polymer of step a) in an aprotic polar solvent for a sufficient time to effect a solvent uptake of at least 5% by weight and to obtain a solvated product, wherein the molar ratio of solvent/alkaline cation is 1:1 to 10,000:1, and which solvated product has a conductivity of at least 10?5 S/cm at room temperature (24° C.).

Abstract: Hydrolytically and thermo-oxidatively stable sulfonated polyarylenes include the structural element —X—Ar(SO3M)n-Y—. The aromatic ring carrying the sulfonic acid group is substituted exclusively by electron-acceptor bridge groups X and Y and, if applicable, by other non-electron-donor substituents. Their synthesis and application are also included.

Abstract: Hydrolytically and thermo-oxidatively stable sulfonated polyarylenes include the structural element —X—Ar(SO3M)n-Y—. The aromatic ring carrying the sulfonic acid group is substituted exclusively by electron-acceptor bridge groups X and Y and, if applicable, by other non-electron-donor substituents. Their synthesis and application are also included.

Abstract: Proton conductors comprising from 1 to 99% by weight of an acid and from 99 to 1% by weight of a nonaqueous amphoteric material which are thermally stable from −50° C. to 400° C. and have a proton conductivity of ≧10−5 S/cm. The invention further relates to membranes comprising the proton conductors of the invention, processes for preparing the membranes and their use in electrochromic cells, secondary batteries and electrochromic displays.

Abstract: The invention relates to an operational test device and a method of executing an operational test for a test system which can assume a number of operating states. A test case generator (TCG) is provided for generating a number of test cases which are sent via a test device interface (INT) to the system under test (SUT). A test state model of the test system is ascertained by a test state model generator (TSTM-G) from information on the hardware configuration of the test system (SUT), information on the possible operating states of the test system (SUT), information on the test commands necessary for bringing about changes in operating state within the test system (SUT), and from traffic values which indicate transitional probabilities ascertained in the test system's real application for the operating states. Test commands are generated on the basis of a Monte-Carlo simulation of this test state model.

Abstract: A process is described for the production of a curable multi-component reaction mixture (and, in particular, a polyurethane), containing filler in which the reaction components are premixed and then mixed with the dry filler in a friction mixer having a conically shaped screw rotatable in a conical mixing chamber. The friction mixer is preferably operated under a fractional load at a low rotational speed.

Abstract: A process is described for the production of optionally cellular polyurethane moldings with an elevated ground material/filler content, which process broadly comprises a) mixing and reacting an aromatic di- or polyisocyanate with a di- and/or polyol of a molecular weight of 1,000 to 20,000 in a quantity insufficient to react with all the NCO groups to yield an isocyanate pre-adduct with an NCO group content of 5 to 32%, b) mixing this isocyanate pre-adduct with ground material/filler, c) mixing the resultant mixture, with a di- and/or polyol with a molecular weight of 62 to 2,000 (crosslinking agent), and optionally water and/or an organic blowing agent, in a static mixer and d) introducing the resultant mixture into a mold.

Abstract: Leakage problems can be avoided in an apparatus for the preparation of a solid or cellular plastic-forming, flowable reaction mixture of at least two flowable reaction components and at least one additional component, by providing in the feed pipe of one of the reaction components a mechanical pre-mixer having a stirrer shaft. Upstream of the pre-mixer, a hydraulic motor comprising two meshing toothed wheels which is driven by the components themselves, is disposed in a manner such that one of the toothed wheels is disposed on an extension of the stirrer shaft, and wherein the bearings of the toothed wheels and the stirrer shaft are outwardly enclosed.

Abstract: A galvanic cell is described, having a metal oxide or metal sulfide electe and a metal electrode, and between them an electrolyte or separator, which is characterized by the fact that it contains as electrolyte a solid proton conductor, namely a zeolite having a proton-containing cation, which has in its crystal lattice passages a phase promoting proton transport.

Abstract: Solid proton conductors are described, which are based on zeolites having oton-containing cations and having six-member and larger rings as secondary structural groups of the zeolitic structure, and in whose crystal lattice passages a phase is present which promotes proton transport. Their use as separator material and electrolyte for electrochemical cells is also described.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of and an apparatus for producing a foam-forming reaction mixture of at least two liquid components which react together and which are fed continuously to a mixing zone where they are mixed together. The volumetric flow of at least one component is measured continuously both in the main pipe leading to the mixhead and also in a subsidiary pipe which branches off the main feed line between the storage for the components and its pump. This subsidiary stream serves as a source for intermittent weighing of the component so that the density of the reaction component can be periodically calculated and monitored. This helps ensure the proper mass of component entering the mixhead.An apparatus is disclosed which achieves precise dosing of the components so that a product free of defects and having the desired properties may be produced.